1、什么是ajax?
1.AJAX 是一种在无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术。
2.AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(异步的 JavaScript 和 XML)。
3.AJAX 不是新的编程语言,而是一种使用现有标准的新方法。
2、ajax与传统开发模式的区别:
ajax开发模式:页面将用户的操作通过ajax引擎与服务器进行通信,将返回的结果给ajax引擎,然后ajax将数据插入指定位置。
传统的开发模式:用户的每一次操作都触发一次返回服务器的HTTP请求,服务器做出处理后,返回一个html页面给用户。
3、ajax的使用:
1、ajax发送字符串数据
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>注册</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/main.js"></script> </head> <body> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" id = "add_form"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="name" id="name"> <br> 邮箱:<input type="text" name="email" id = "email"> <br> 密码:<input type="text" name="pwd" id = "pwd"> <br> 确认密码:<input type="text" name="pwd1" id = "pwd1"> <br> 手机号:<input type="text" name="phone" id = "phone"> <br> 身高:<input type="text" name="height" id = "height"> <br> 图 片:<input type="file" name="picture1" id = "picture1"> <br> <input type="submit" id = "regist"> </form> <script> $(function () { $("#regist").click(function () { {#用标签选择器获取需要的值#} var name = $("#name").val(); var email = $("#email").val(); var pwd = $("#pwd").val(); var pwd1 = $("#pwd1").val(); var phone = $("#phone").val(); var height = $("#height").val() {#发送ajax请求#} .ajax({ url:"/user/add", type:"post", data:{"name":name, "email":email, "phone":phone, "pwd":pwd, "pwd1":pwd1, "height":height}, {#成功后执行的函数#} success:function (res) { if (res.code == 200){ {#重定向#} window.location.href="/user/login" }else { alert(res.message) } {#失败后执行的函数 #} error:function f() { alert("添加失败,请重新添加"); window.location.href="/user/add" } } }) }) }) </script> </body>
def adduser(): if request.method =="POST": name = request.form.get("name") pwd = request.form.get("pwd") pwd1 = request.form.get("pwd1") email = request.form.get("email") phone = request.form.get("phone") height = request.form.get("height") picture1 = request.files.get("picture1") print(picture1,name) # print(name,pwd,pwd1,email,phone,height) if not all([name,pwd,pwd1,email,phone,height]): flash("数据不完整,添加完整") role_phone = r'1[d]{10}$' role_email = r"[w]+@[w]+.[a-z]{2,3}$" result_phone = re.match(role_phone,phone) result_email = re.match(role_email,email) if not result_email: flash("邮箱格式不正确,请检查") return redirect("/user/add") if not result_phone: flash("手机号有误,请检查") return redirect("/user/add") if pwd != pwd1: flash("两次密码不一致,请检查") return redirect("/user/add") flag = False try: # print(1111111) print(type(phone),type(height),type(pwd),type(email),type(pic_filename)) user1 = User(name=name,email=email,password=pwd,phone=phone,height= int(height),pic_name = pic_filename) db.session.add(user1) db.session.commit() # print(22222222) if user1: flag =True except Exception as e: # raise e db.session.rollback() flash("添加失败,重新添加") return redirect("/user/add") if flag: return redirect("/user/show") return render_template("adduser.html")
2、ajax发送文件数据
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加图片</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/main.js"></script> </head> <body> <form enctype="multipart/form-data" id="uploadForm"> <input type='file' name='xxx' id='pic_img'> <input type='button' onclick='upload()' value='点击上传'> </form> </body> <script> function upload(){ var formData = new FormData($("#uploadForm")[0]) //创建一个forData formData.append('img', $('#pic_img')[0].files[0]) //把file添加进去 name命名为img $.ajax({ url: "/add/picture", data:formData, type: "POST", async: false, {#当async属性的值为false时是同步的,Ajax请求将整个浏览器锁死,只有ajax请求返回结果后,才执行ajax后面的alert语句。#} {#当async属性的值为true时是异步的,即不会等待ajax请求返回的结果,会直接执行ajax后面的alert语句。#} cache: false, {#cache:true 如果当前请求有缓存的话,直接使用缓存。如果该属性设置为 false,则每次都会向服务器请求#} contentType: false, {#我们在 form 标签中设置了enctype = “multipart/form-data”,这样请求中的 contentType 就会默认为 multipart/form-data 。 而我们在 ajax 中 contentType 设置为 false 是为了避免 JQuery 对其操作,从而失去分界符,而使服务器不能正常解析文件。#} processData: false, {#发送的数据将被转换为对象(从技术角度来讲并非字符串)以配合默认内容类型"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"。#} {#如果要发送DOM树信息或者其他不希望转换的信息,请设置为false#} success: function(data) { if (data.code == 200) { alert("success") } }, error: function() { //失败 alert("fail ") } }) } </script> </html>
@addinfo.route("/add/picture",methods = ["POST","GET"]) def add_picture(): if request.method == "POST": picture1 = request.files.get("img") pic_filename = picture1.filename pic_filename_list = pic_filename.split(".") pic_filename_list[0] = pic_filename_list[0] + str(int(time.time())) pic_filename = ".".join(pic_filename_list) path = basepath + "/static" upload_path = os.path.join(path, pic_filename) picture1.save(upload_path) message= { "code":200 } return jsonify(message) else: message = { "code": 500 } return jsonify(message)
3.ajax分页
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>展示</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/jquery.pagination.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <table border="1" cellspacing="0"> <div> <tr> <td>用户名</td> <td>邮箱</td> <td>手机号</td> <td>身高</td> <td>图片</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> {% for user in users %} <tr> <td>{{ user.name }}</td> <td>{{ user.email }}</td> <td>{{ user.phone }}</td> <td>{{ user.height }}</td> <td><img src="{{ url_for('static', filename= user.pic_name) }}" width="400" height="400" alt="图片加载失败 "></td> <td> <a href="">编辑</a> <a href="">删除</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </div> </table> <br> <br> <div id="pagination" class="page"></div> <script> // 调用父页面的方法改变菜单指示 // window.parent.fnChangeMenu(2); $(function () { $("#pagination").pagination({ currentPage: {{ page }}, totalPage: {{ total_page }}, //当点击页码链接时,会执行如下函数 callback: function (current) { //参数current表示当前链接代表的页码值 //不写地址表示当前地址,即当前为新闻列表地址 //?page=1 location.href='?page='+current; } }); }); </script> </body> </html>
@showuser.route("/user/show") @check_login def showinfo(): page = int(request.args.get('page', '1')) pagination = User.query.filter_by().paginate(page, 2, False) user_list = pagination.items total_page = pagination.pages return render_template("showinf.html",users=user_list, total_page=total_page, page=page)