【Elasticsearch】ElasticSearch基本查询

学习elasticsearch查询用法的时候，发现这篇文章写得很详细，为以后方便查看，就直接搬过来了，原文链接在下面。

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014646662/article/details/89010759

1、数据准备

put lib3
{
  "settings":{
    "number_of_shards":3,
    "number_of_replicas":0
  },
  "mappings":{
    "user":{
      "properties":{
        "name":{"type":"text"},
        "address":{"type":"text"},
        "age":{"type":"integer"},
        "interests":{"type":"text"},
        "birthday":{"type":"date"}
      }
    }
  }
}
 
post /lib3/user
{
  "name":"lisi",
  "address":"shandong",
  "age":18,
  "interests":"youyong shufa changge tiaowu",
  "birthday":"2001-01-19"
}
 
post /lib3/user
{
  "name":"wangwu",
  "address":"zhejiang",
  "age":22,
  "interests":"youyong shufa",
  "birthday":"1997-01-19"
}
 
post /lib3/user
{
  "name":"zhangsan",
  "address":"zhejiang",
  "age":20,
  "interests":"youyong shufa changge changpao",
  "birthday":"1999-08-29"
}
 
post /lib3/user
{
  "name":"youyong",
  "address":"zhejiang",
  "age":20,
  "interests":"youyong shufa changge changpao",
  "birthday":"1999-08-29"
}

测试一下

get /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
get /lib3/user/_search?q=name:wangwu&sort=age:desc

2、term查询和terms查询

• term query会去倒排索引中寻找确切的term，它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword 、numeric、date。
• term:查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档
• terms:查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档

get /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query":{"term":{ "interests":"youyong"}}
}
 
get lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query":{"terms":{"interests":["shufa","youyong"]}}
}

3、控制查询返回的数量

get lib3/user/_search
{
  "from":0,
  "size":2,
  "query":{
    "terms":{
      "interests": ["changge","tiaowu"]
    }
  }
}

4、返回版本号

get lib3/user/_search
{
  "version":true,
  "query":{
    "term":{"interests": "changge"}
  }
}

5、match查询

• match query知道分词器的存在，会对filed进行分词操作，然后再查询
• match_all:查询所有文档
• multi_match:可以指定多个字段
• match_phrase:短语匹配查询，ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变

GET lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"match":{"age": 20}}
}
GET lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"match":{"interests": "changge"}}
}
 
GET lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}
 
GET lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "youyong",
      "fields":["interests","name"]
    }
  }
}
 
get lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase":{"interests": "youyong shufa"}
  }
}

6、指定返回的字段、显示字段

get lib3/user/_search
{
  "_source":["name","age"],
  "query":{
    "match": {
      "interests": "changge"
    }
  }
}

7、显示要的字段、去除不需要的字段

get lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "_source":{
     "includes": "addr*",
     "excludes": ["name","bir*"]
  }
}

8、排序

• 前缀匹配查询"match_phrase_prefix",
• 使用sort实现排序：desc:降序，asc升序

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase_prefix": {
          "interests": "you"
        }
    },
    
    "sort":[
      {
        "age":{"order": "desc"}
      }
      ]
}

9、 范围查询

• range:实现范围查询
• 参数：from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boost
• include_lower:是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true
• include_upper:是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "birthday": {
                "from": "1990-10-10",
                "to": "2000-05-01",
                 "include_lower": true,
                "include_upper": false
            }
        }
    }
}
 
 
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "age": {
                "from": 18,
                "to": 25,
                "include_lower": true,
                "include_upper": false
            }
        }
    }
}

10、wildcard查询

• 允许使用通配符* 和 ?来进行查询
• *代表0个或多个字符
• ？代表任意一个字符

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
             "name": "wang*"
        }
    }
}
 
 
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
             "name": "li?i"
        }
    }
}

11、fuzzy实现模糊查询

• value：查询的关键字
• boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0
• min_similarity:设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1(包括0和1);对于数值，取值可能大于1;对于日期型取值为1d,1m等，1d就代表1天
• prefix_length:指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0
• max_expansions:查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
             "interests": "chagge"
        }
    }
}
 
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
             "interests": {
                 "value": "chagge"
             }
        }
    }
}

12、高亮搜索结果

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
             "interests": {}
        }
    }
}