Java生鲜电商平台-Java后端生成Token架构与设计详解
目的:Java开源生鲜电商平台-Java后端生成Token目的是为了用于校验客户端,防止重复提交.
技术选型:用开源的JWT架构。
1.概述:在web项目中,服务端和前端经常需要交互数据,有的时候由于网络相应慢,客户端在提交某些敏感数据(比如按照正常的业务逻辑,此份数据只能保存一份)时,如果前端多次点击提交按钮会导致提交多份数据,这种情况我们是要防止发生的。
2.解决方法:
①前端处理:在提交之后通过js立即将按钮隐藏或者置为不可用。
②后端处理:对于每次提交到后台的数据必须校验,也就是通过前端携带的令牌(一串唯一字符串)与后端校验来判断当前数据是否有效。
3.总结:第一种方法相对来说比较简单,但是安全系数不高,第二种方法从根本上解决了问题,所以我推荐第二种方法。
4.核心代码:
生成Token的工具类:
- /**
- * 生成Token的工具类:
- */
- package red.hearing.eval.modules.token;
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import java.util.Random;
- import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
- /**
- * 生成Token的工具类
- * @author zhous
- * @since 2018-2-23 13:59:27
- *
- */
- public class TokenProccessor {
- private TokenProccessor(){};
- private static final TokenProccessor instance = new TokenProccessor();
- public static TokenProccessor getInstance() {
- return instance;
- }
- /**
- * 生成Token
- * @return
- */
- public String makeToken() {
- String token = (System.currentTimeMillis() + new Random().nextInt(999999999)) + "";
- try {
- MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
- byte md5[] = md.digest(token.getBytes());
- BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
- return encoder.encode(md5);
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- }
Token通用工具类
- /**
- *
- */
- package red.hearing.eval.modules.token;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
- /**
- * Token的工具类
- * @author zhous
- * @since 2018-2-23 14:01:41
- *
- */
- public class TokenTools {
- /**
- * 生成token放入session
- * @param request
- * @param tokenServerkey
- */
- public static void createToken(HttpServletRequest request,String tokenServerkey){
- String token = TokenProccessor.getInstance().makeToken();
- request.getSession().setAttribute(tokenServerkey, token);
- }
- /**
- * 移除token
- * @param request
- * @param tokenServerkey
- */
- public static void removeToken(HttpServletRequest request,String tokenServerkey){
- request.getSession().removeAttribute(tokenServerkey);
- }
- /**
- * 判断请求参数中的token是否和session中一致
- * @param request
- * @param tokenClientkey
- * @param tokenServerkey
- * @return
- */
- public static boolean judgeTokenIsEqual(HttpServletRequest request,String tokenClientkey,String tokenServerkey){
- String token_client = request.getParameter(tokenClientkey);
- if(StringUtils.isEmpty(token_client)){
- return false;
- }
- String token_server = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(tokenServerkey);
- if(StringUtils.isEmpty(token_server)){
- return false;
- }
- if(!token_server.equals(token_client)){
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- }
使用方法:
①在输出前端页面的时候调用TokenTools.createToken方法,会把本次生成的token放入session中。
②然后在前端页面提交数据时从session中获取token,然后添加到要提交的数据中。
③服务端接受数据后调用judgeTokenIsEqual方法判断两个token是否一致,如果不一致则返回,不进行处理。
备注:tokenClientkey和tokenServerkey自定义,调用judgeTokenIsEqual方法时的tokenClientkey一定要与前端页面的key一致。
基于微信原理JAVA实现线程安全Token验证-JWT,如果不清楚JWT TOKEN的原理机制,我的上一篇JWT-TOKEN博客有详细介绍,这篇博文主要是具体实现。
Token主要是用于以作客户端进行请求的一个令牌,当第一次登录后,服务器生成一个Token便将此Token返回给客户端,以后客户端只需带上这个Token前来请求数据即可,无需再次带上密匙。
package com.franz.websocket; import com.franz.common.utils.StringUtils; import com.franz.weixin.p3.oauth2.util.MD5Util; import io.jsonwebtoken.*; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.jeecgframework.core.common.service.CommonService; import javax.crypto.SecretKey; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * OAuthTokenUtils * Token管理 * @author nizhigengvip@163.com * @version 2017-08-01 */ public class OAuthTokenManager { private String APP_ID = ""; private String APP_SECRET = ""; private String KEY_SING = ""; //用於存放TOKEN的標誌,Redis private LinkedHashMap<string, object=""> pairs = new LinkedHashMap();//封装json的map private CommonService service; public static final int MINUTE_TTL = 60*1000; //millisecond public static final int HOURS_TTL = 60*60*1000; //millisecond public static final int DAY_TTL = 12*60*60*1000; //millisecond private OAuthTokenManager() {} private static OAuthTokenManager single=null; public static OAuthTokenManager getInstance() { if (single == null) { single = new OAuthTokenManager(); } return single; } public String getKEY_SING() { return KEY_SING; } public void setPairs(LinkedHashMap<string, object=""> pairs) { this.pairs = pairs; } public LinkedHashMap<string, object=""> getPairs() { return pairs; } public void put(String key, Object value){//向json中添加属性,在js中访问,请调用data.map.key pairs.put(key, value); } public void remove(String key){ pairs.remove(key); } /** * 總體封裝 * @param appid * @param secret * @param logicInterface 回調函數 * @return */ public String token(String appid,String secret,LogicInterface logicInterface){ //获取appid和secret this.accessPairs(appid,secret); //验证appid和secretS,获取对象载体 Object subject = this.loginAuthentication(logicInterface); //生成JWT签名数据ToKen String token = this.createToken(this.generalSubject(subject),this.MINUTE_TTL); return token; } public void accessPairs(String APP_ID, String APP_SECRET) { this.APP_ID = APP_ID; this.APP_SECRET = APP_SECRET; //this.KEY_SING = MD5Util.MD5Encode(APP_ID+"_"+APP_SECRET, "UTF-8").toUpperCase();//要用到的时候才用 } public Object loginAuthentication(LogicInterface logicInterface){ if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(APP_ID) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(APP_SECRET)) { Map<string, object=""> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("APP_ID",APP_ID); map.put("APP_SECRET",APP_SECRET); if(logicInterface == null || logicInterface.handler(map) == null){ return map; }else { return logicInterface.handler(map); } } else { return null; } } /** * 由字符串生成加密key * @return */ public SecretKey generalKey(){ String stringKey = APP_ID+APP_SECRET; byte[] encodedKey = Base64.decodeBase64(stringKey); SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(encodedKey, 0, encodedKey.length, "AES"); return key; } /** * 生成subject信息 * @param obj * @return */ public static String generalSubject(Object obj){ if(obj != null ) { JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(obj); return json.toString(); }else{ return "{}"; } } /** * 创建token * @param subject * @param ttlMillis * @return * @throws Exception */ public String createToken(String subject, long ttlMillis) { SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256; long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis(); Date now = new Date(nowMillis); SecretKey key = generalKey(); JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder() .setId(APP_ID) .setIssuedAt(now) .setSubject(subject) .signWith(signatureAlgorithm, key); if (ttlMillis >= 0) { long expMillis = nowMillis + ttlMillis; Date exp = new Date(expMillis); builder.setExpiration(exp); } return builder.compact(); } /** * 解密token * @param token * @return * @throws Exception */ public Claims validateToken(String token) throws Exception{ Claims claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(generalKey()) .parseClaimsJws(token).getBody(); /*System.out.println("ID: " + claims.getId()); System.out.println("Subject: " + claims.getSubject()); System.out.println("Issuer: " + claims.getIssuer()); System.out.println("Expiration: " + claims.getExpiration());*/ return claims; } }
import com.ewider.weixin.p3.oauth2.util.MD5Util; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException; import io.jsonwebtoken.MalformedJwtException; import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureException; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * OAuthTokenController * * @author Franz.ge.倪志耿 * @version 2017-08-01 */ @Scope("prototype") @Controller @RequestMapping("/oAuthToken") public class OAuthToken { /** * 獲取Token * @param grant_type * @param appid * @param secret * @return */ @RequestMapping(params = "token",method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public Object token (@RequestParam(value = "grant_type") String grant_type, @RequestParam(value = "appid") String appid, @RequestParam(value = "secret") String secret,HttpServletResponse response) { Map<string, object=""> map = new HashMap<>(); switch (grant_type) { case "authorization_code" : //授权码模式(即先登录获取code,再获取token) break; case "password" : //密码模式(将用户名,密码传过去,直接获取token) break; case "client_credentials" : //客户端模式(无用户,用户向客户端注册,然后客户端以自己的名义向’服务端’获取资源) OAuthTokenManager oAuthTokenManager = OAuthTokenManager.getInstance(); String token = oAuthTokenManager.token(appid, secret,null);//loginInterface是业务逻辑回掉函数 //返回Token map.put("access_token",token); map.put("expires_in",OAuthTokenManager.MINUTE_TTL/1000); break; case "implicit" : //简化模式(在redirect_uri 的Hash传递token; Auth客户端运行在浏览器中,如JS,Flash) break; case "refresh_token" : //刷新access_token break; } return map; } @RequestMapping(params = "loginAuth2",method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public Object loginAuth2 (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam(value = "accessToken") String accessToken ){ Map<string, object=""> map = new HashMap<>(); //COOKIE不存在:解析验证正确性 try { OAuthTokenManager oAuthTokenManager = OAuthTokenManager.getInstance(); Claims claims = oAuthTokenManager.validateToken(accessToken); if (claims != null ) { map.put("state","success"); map.put("loginAuth","采用Token登录"); int validMillis = (int)(claims.getExpiration().getTime()-System.currentTimeMillis()); if(validMillis > 0) { //交給容器管理,可以存放redis,這裡模擬是cookie Cookie cookie = new Cookie(MD5Util.MD5Encode("MD5SING", "UTF-8").toUpperCase(), accessToken); cookie.setMaxAge(validMillis/1000); response.addCookie(cookie); } }else{ map.put("state","fail"); } }catch (MalformedJwtException | SignatureException e){ map.put("state","signature");//改造簽名,或者無效的Token map.put("loginAuth","該Token無效");//改造簽名,或者無效的Token }catch (ExpiredJwtException e){ map.put("state","expired");//改造簽名,或者無效的Token map.put("loginAuth","Token已經過時"); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); map.put("state","fail"); } return map; } @RequestMapping(params = "index",method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public Object index (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ Map<string, object=""> map = new HashMap<>(); //从COOKIE中查找,模拟访问,可以集成容器管理 Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies(); if (cookies!=null) { for (int i = cookies.length-1; i >= 0; i--) { Cookie cookie = cookies[i]; if (cookie.getName().equals(MD5Util.MD5Encode("MD5SING", "UTF-8").toUpperCase())) { //跳过登陆 map.put("index","采用Redis登录"); return map; } } } map.put("index","你的Token已经销毁"); return map; } }
<dependency> <groupid>io.jsonwebtoken</groupid> <artifactid>jjwt</artifactid> <version>0.7.0</version> </dependency>