在开发中，随着业务需求的迭代，较⽼的业务逻辑就要⾯临更新甚⾄是重构，⽽对于es来说，为了 适应新的业务逻辑，可能就要对原有的索引做⼀些修改，⽐如对某些字段做调整，甚⾄是重建索 引。
⽽做这些操作的时候，可能会对业务造成影响，甚⾄是停机调整等问题。
由此，es提供了索引 别名来解决这些问题。 索引别名就像⼀个快捷⽅式或是软连接，可以指向⼀个或多个索引，也可 以给任意⼀个需要索引名的API来使⽤。别名的应⽤为程序提供了极⼤地灵活性。
1.查询别名
GET /_alias
效果：
{
"nba" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"test" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"wba" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"cba" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"contractinfo" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"book" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
".kibana_1" : {
"aliases" : {
".kibana" : { }
}
}
}
2.新增别名
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"add": {
"index": "nba",
"alias": "nba_aliase"
}
}
]
}
然后查询：
GET /_alias
{
"test" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"book" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
".kibana_1" : {
"aliases" : {
".kibana" : { }
}
},
"contractinfo" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"wba" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"cba" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"nba" : {
"aliases" : {
"nba_aliase" : { }
}
}
}
针对性查询：
GET /nba/_alias
{
"nba" : {
"aliases" : {
"nba_aliase" : { }
}
}
}
3.删除索引
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"remove": {
"index": "nba",
"alias": "nba_aliase"
}
}
]
}
4.重命名索引
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"remove": {
"index": "nba",
"alias": "nba_aliase"
}
},
{
"add": {
"index": "nba",
"alias": "nba_aliase_2"
}
}
]
}
5.为多个索引新建一个别名
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"add": {
"index": "cba",
"alias": "new_aliase"
}
},
{
"add": {
"index": "wba",
"alias": "new_aliase"
}
}
]
}
效果：
{
"cba" : {
"aliases" : {
"new_aliase" : { }
}
},
".kibana_1" : {
"aliases" : {
".kibana" : { }
}
},
"test" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"wba" : {
"aliases" : {
"new_aliase" : { }
}
},
"book" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"contractinfo" : {
"aliases" : { }
},
"nba" : {
"aliases" : {
"nba_aliase_2" : { }
}
}
}
6.为一个索引建立多个别名
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"add": {
"index": "nba",
"alias": "nba_aliase"
}
},
{
"add": {
"index": "nba",
"alias": "nba_aliase_2"
}
}
]
}
效果：
{
"nba" : {
"aliases" : {
"nba_aliase" : { },
"nba_aliase_2" : { }
}
}
}
7.通过别名查询索引
分两种情况。
别名对应一个固定的索引：
GET /nba_aliase
效果：
{
"nba" : {
"aliases" : {
"nba_aliase" : { },
"nba_aliase_2" : { }
},
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"age" : {
"type" : "integer"
},
"birthDay" : {
"type" : "date"
},
"birthDayStr" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"code" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"country" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"countryEn" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"displayAffiliation" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"displayName" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"displayNameEn" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"draft" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"heightValue" : {
"type" : "float"
},
"jerseyNo" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"playYear" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"playerId" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"position" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"schoolType" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"teamCity" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"teamCityEn" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"teamConference" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"teamConferenceEn" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"teamName" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"teamNameEn" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"weight" : {
"type" : "text"
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"creation_date" : "1586363166694",
"number_of_shards" : "1",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "0smbQX5cRY-vyyHWMLtPXA",
"version" : {
"created" : "7020099"
},
"provided_name" : "nba"
}
}
}
}
一个别名对应多个索引：
GET /new_aliase
效果：
{
"cba" : {
"aliases" : {
"new_aliase" : { }
},
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"date" : {
"type" : "date"
},
"jerse_no" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"name" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"play_year" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"position" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"team_name" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"title" : {
"type" : "text"
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"creation_date" : "1586188945307",
"number_of_shards" : "1",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "vFg2Y6mMTZKyjEKNnT_Tvw",
"version" : {
"created" : "7020099"
},
"provided_name" : "cba"
}
}
},
"wba" : {
"aliases" : {
"new_aliase" : { }
},
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"age_range" : {
"type" : "integer_range"
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"creation_date" : "1586187671398",
"number_of_shards" : "1",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "p0SCnNhJQTyF1ZM5UMZHdg",
"version" : {
"created" : "7020099"
},
"provided_name" : "wba"
}
}
}
}
二：使用别名
1.使用别名进行修改信息
使用nba，因为，索引nba的别名，可以找到唯一的索引是nba
找到要修改的数据：
GET /nba/_doc/1
数据：
{
"_index" : "nba",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"countryEn" : "United States",
"teamName" : "老鹰",
"birthDay" : 831182400000,
"country" : "美国",
"teamCityEn" : "Atlanta",
"code" : "jaylen_adams",
"displayAffiliation" : "United States",
"displayName" : "杰伦 亚当斯",
"schoolType" : "College",
"teamConference" : "东部",
"teamConferenceEn" : "Eastern",
"weight" : "86.2 公斤",
"teamCity" : "亚特兰大",
"playYear" : 1,
"jerseyNo" : "10",
"teamNameEn" : "Hawks",
"draft" : 2018,
"displayNameEn" : "Jaylen Adams",
"heightValue" : 1.88,
"birthDayStr" : "1996-05-04",
"position" : "后卫",
"age" : 23,
"playerId" : "1629121"
}
}
使用别名进行修改：
讲年龄调大到25：
POST /nba_aliase/_doc/1
{
"countryEn" : "United States",
"teamName" : "老鹰",
"birthDay" : 831182400000,
"country" : "美国",
"teamCityEn" : "Atlanta",
"code" : "jaylen_adams",
"displayAffiliation" : "United States",
"displayName" : "杰伦 亚当斯",
"schoolType" : "College",
"teamConference" : "东部",
"teamConferenceEn" : "Eastern",
"weight" : "86.2 公斤",
"teamCity" : "亚特兰大",
"playYear" : 1,
"jerseyNo" : "10",
"teamNameEn" : "Hawks",
"draft" : 2018,
"displayNameEn" : "Jaylen Adams",
"heightValue" : 1.88,
"birthDayStr" : "1996-05-04",
"position" : "后卫",
"age" : 25,
"playerId" : "1629121"
}
效果：
{
"_index" : "nba",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 2,
"_seq_no" : 566,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"countryEn" : "United States",
"teamName" : "老鹰",
"birthDay" : 831182400000,
"country" : "美国",
"teamCityEn" : "Atlanta",
"code" : "jaylen_adams",
"displayAffiliation" : "United States",
"displayName" : "杰伦 亚当斯",
"schoolType" : "College",
"teamConference" : "东部",
"teamConferenceEn" : "Eastern",
"weight" : "86.2 公斤",
"teamCity" : "亚特兰大",
"playYear" : 1,
"jerseyNo" : "10",
"teamNameEn" : "Hawks",
"draft" : 2018,
"displayNameEn" : "Jaylen Adams",
"heightValue" : 1.88,
"birthDayStr" : "1996-05-04",
"position" : "后卫",
"age" : 25,
"playerId" : "1629121"
}
}
2.当别名对应多个索引，进行修改数据
对将要写的索引添加一个标识：
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{
"add": {
"index": "cba",
"alias": "new_aliase",
"is_write_index": true
}
},
{
"add": {
"index": "wba",
"alias": "new_aliase"
}
}
]
}
要修改的数据如下：
{
"_index" : "cba",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "蔡x坤",
"team_name" : "勇⼠",
"position" : "得分后卫",
"play_year" : 10,
"jerse_no" : "31",
"title" : "打球最帅的明星",
"date" : "2020-01-01"
}
}
修改：
age提高：
POST /new_aliase/_doc/1
{
"name" : "蔡x坤",
"team_name" : "勇⼠",
"position" : "得分后卫",
"play_year" : 13,
"jerse_no" : "31",
"title" : "打球最帅的明星",
"date" : "2020-01-01"
}
查询效果：
{
"_index" : "cba",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 2,
"_seq_no" : 2,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "蔡x坤",
"team_name" : "勇⼠",
"position" : "得分后卫",
"play_year" : 13,
"jerse_no" : "31",
"title" : "打球最帅的明星",
"date" : "2020-01-01"
}
}