1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 typedef struct treenode 7 { 8 treenode* leftchild; 9 treenode* rightchild; 10 int data; 11 }Treenode,*pTreenode; 12 13 //遍历list<int>中的元素 14 void printL(list<int> &l) 15 { 16 for(list<int>::iterator it=l.begin();it!=l.end();it++) 17 { 18 cout<<(*it); 19 } 20 } 21 22 23 //对二叉树的每个叶子节点进行霍夫曼编码,将编码的结果存储在链表l中并打印出来,打印的叶子节点的顺序按照先序遍历的顺序。编码的原则是二叉树向左是0,向右是1 24 void Huffmancode(pTreenode root,list<int> &l) 25 { 26 if(!root) 27 { 28 return; 29 } 30 31 if(!root->leftchild && !root->rightchild) 32 { 33 cout<<root->data<<":"; 34 printL(l); 35 cout<<endl; 36 } 37 38 if(root->leftchild) 39 { 40 l.push_back(0);//将元素"0"压入栈的末端 41 Huffmancode(root->leftchild,l); 42 l.pop_back();//执行完递归函数的这一层,需要将其弹出,就只剩下上一层的根节点的编码了,这位为后面该根节点的右子树叶子节点编码扫清了障碍 43 } 44 45 if(root->rightchild) 46 { 47 l.push_back(1);//将元素"1"压入栈的末端 48 Huffmancode(root->rightchild,l); 49 l.pop_back(); 50 } 51 } 52 53 54 55 int main() 56 { 57 //建立一颗树 58 Treenode t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7; 59 memset(&t1,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 60 memset(&t2,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 61 memset(&t3,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 62 memset(&t4,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 63 memset(&t5,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 64 memset(&t6,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 65 memset(&t7,0,sizeof(Treenode)); 66 67 t1.data=1; 68 t2.data=2; 69 t3.data=3; 70 t4.data=4; 71 t5.data=5; 72 t6.data=6; 73 t7.data=7; 74 75 t1.leftchild=&t2; 76 t1.rightchild=&t3; 77 t2.leftchild=&t4; 78 t2.rightchild=&t5; 79 t3.rightchild=&t6; 80 t4.leftchild=&t7; 81 //霍夫曼编码 82 list<int> L; 83 Huffmancode(&t1,L); 84 85 return 0; 86 }