• 《Java基础知识》Java集合(Map)


    Java集合主要由2大体系构成,分别是Collection体系和Map体系,其中Collection和Map分别是2大体系中的顶层接口。

    今天主要讲:Map主要有二个子接口,分别为HashMap、TreeMap。

    继承关系图:

    Map的整体特点:

    1. 键值对存放<key , value>

    2. 遍历需要使用迭代器:Iterator

    常用Map HashMap

    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class var {
        public static void main(String[] agrs){
            // 定义一个Map的容器对象
            Map<String, Integer > map1 = new HashMap<String, Integer >();
            map1.put("jack", 20);
            map1.put("rose", 18);
            map1.put("lucy", 17);
            map1.put("java", 25);
            System.out.println(map1);
            map1.put("jack", 30); //在没有hashCode和equals方式   添加重复的键值(值不同),会覆盖掉前面key值相同的值
            System.out.println(map1);
    
            Map<String, Integer> map2 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
            map2.put("张三丰", 100);
            map2.put("虚竹", 20);
            System.out.println("map2:" + map2);
            // 从指定映射中将所有映射关系复制到此映射中。
            map1.putAll(map2);
            System.out.println("map1:" + map1);
    
            // 指定key,返回删除的键值对映射的值。
            map1.remove("java");
            System.out.println(map1);
    
            // V get(Object key) 通过指定的key对象获取value对象
            System.out.println("value:" + map1.get("jack"));
    
            // boolean isEmpty() 判断集合是否为空   长度为0返回true否则false
            // boolean containsKey(Object key) 判断集合中是否包含指定的key
            // boolean containsValue(Object value)
            System.out.println("isEmpty:" + map1.isEmpty());
            System.out.println("containskey:" + map1.containsKey("jack"));
            System.out.println("containsvalues:" + map1.containsValue(100));
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    Map 的四种遍历方式

    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class var {
        public static void main(String[] agrs){
            // 定义一个Map的容器对象
            Map<String, Integer > map1 = new HashMap<String, Integer >();
            map1.put("jack", 20);
            map1.put("rose", 18);
            map1.put("lucy", 17);
            map1.put("java", 25);
    
            System.out.println("第一种:");
            //通过 map1.keySet() 获取key  通过key 找到value
            for (String key : map1.keySet()) {
                Integer value = map1.get(key);
                System.out.print("【key:"+key+" value:"+value+"】;   ");
            }
            System.out.println();
    
            System.out.println("第二种:");
            //通过Map.Entry(String,Integer) 获取,然后使用entry.getKey()获取到键,通过entry.getValue()获取到值
            for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : map1.entrySet()){
                System.out.print("【key:"+entry.getKey()+"value:"+entry.getValue()+"】;    ");
            }
            System.out.println();
    
            System.out.println("第三种:");
            //第三种只遍历键或者值,通过加强for循环
            for(String s1:map1.keySet()){//遍历map的键
                System.out.print("键key:"+s1+"; ");
            }
            System.out.println();
            for(Integer s2:map1.values()){//遍历map的值
                System.out.print("值value:"+s2+"; ");
            }
            System.out.println();
    
            System.out.println("第四种:");
            //第四种Iterator遍历获取,然后获取到Map.Entry<String, String>,再得到getKey()和getValue()
            Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> it=map1.entrySet().iterator();
            while(it.hasNext()){
                Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry=it.next();
                System.out.print("【key:"+entry.getKey()+" value:"+entry.getValue()+"】;     ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    HashMap 底层是哈希表数据结构,线程是不同步的,可以存入null键,null值。要保证键的唯一性,需要覆盖hashCode方法,和equals方法。

    案例:

    public class Person {
        private String name;
        private int age;
    
        public Person(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
    
            return this.name.hashCode() + age * 37;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (obj instanceof Person) {
                Person p = (Person) obj;
                return this.name.equals(p.name) && this.age == p.age;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Person@name:" + this.name + " age:" + this.age;
        }
    }
    import java.util.HashMap;
    
    public class var {
        public static void main(String[] agrs){
            HashMap<Person, String> hm = new HashMap<Person, String>();
            hm.put(new Person("jack", 20), "1001");
            hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1002");
            hm.put(new Person("lucy", 19), "1003");
            hm.put(new Person("hmm", 17), "1004");
            hm.put(new Person("ll", 25), "1005");
            System.out.println(hm);
            hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1006");
            System.out.println(hm);  //重写hashCode和equalse后key就相同了。value值更新
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    常用Map:TreeMap

    特点:元素具有比较性,支持排序。

    import java.util.TreeMap;
    
    public class var {
        public static void main(String[] agrs){
            TreeMap<String, Integer> tree = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
            tree.put("张三", 19);
            tree.put("李四", 20);
            tree.put("王五", 21);
            tree.put("赵六", 22);
            tree.put("周七", 23);
            tree.put("张三", 24);
            System.out.println(tree);
            System.out.println("张三".compareTo("李四"));//-2094
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    自定义排序案例:

    public class Person implements Comparable<Person> {
        private String name;
        private int age;
    
        public Person(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
    
            return this.name.hashCode() + age * 37;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (obj instanceof Person) {
                Person p = (Person) obj;
                return this.name.equals(p.name) && this.age == p.age;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Person@name:" + this.name + " age:" + this.age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Person p) {
            if (this.age > p.age) {
                return 1;
            } else if (this.age < p.age) {
                return -1;
            }
            return this.name.compareTo(p.name);
        }
    }
    import java.util.Comparator;
    
    public class MyComparator implements Comparator<Person> {
        @Override
        public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
            if (p1.getAge() > p2.getAge()) {
                return -1;
            } else if (p1.getAge() < p2.getAge()) {
                return 1;
            }
            return p1.getName().compareTo(p2.getName());
        }
    }
    public class var {
        public static void main(String[] agrs){
            TreeMap<Person, String> hm = new TreeMap<Person, String>(
                    new MyComparator());
            hm.put(new Person("jack", 20), "1001");
            hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1002");
            hm.put(new Person("lucy", 19), "1003");
            hm.put(new Person("hmm", 17), "1004");
            hm.put(new Person("ll", 25), "1005");
            System.out.println(hm);
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    注意:Set的元素不可重复,Map的键不可重复,如果存入重复元素如何处理

    Set元素重复元素不能存入add方法返回false

    Map的重复健将覆盖旧键,将旧值返回。

    其他Map详情见JDK API。

    参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/douyu2580860/p/8358768.html

    This moment will nap, you will have a dream; But this moment study,you will interpret a dream.
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jssj/p/11469084.html
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