• spring4.0之二:@Configuration的使用


      从Spring3.0,@Configuration用于定义配置类,可替换xml配置文件,被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法,这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描,并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器。

    注意:@Configuration注解的配置类有如下要求:

    1. @Configuration不可以是final类型;
    2. @Configuration不可以是匿名类;
    3. 嵌套的configuration必须是静态类。

    一、用@Configuration加载spring
    1.1、@Configuration配置spring并启动spring容器
    1.2、@Configuration启动容器+@Bean注册Bean
    1.3、@Configuration启动容器+@Component注册Bean
    1.4、使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 注册 AppContext 类的两种方法
    1.5、配置Web应用程序(web.xml中配置AnnotationConfigApplicationContext)

    二、组合多个配置类
    2.1、在@configuration中引入spring的xml配置文件
    2.2、在@configuration中引入其它注解配置
    2.3、@configuration嵌套(嵌套的Configuration必须是静态类)
    三、@EnableXXX注解
    四、@Profile逻辑组配置
    五、使用外部变量

    一、@Configuation加载Spring方法

    1.1、@Configuration配置spring并启动spring容器

    @Configuration标注在类上,相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的<beans>,作用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

    @Configuration
    public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
    System.out.println(
    "TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }
    }

    复制代码

    相当于:

    复制代码
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
        xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">
    

    </beans>

    复制代码

    主方法进行测试:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

    public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
        ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");</span>
    

    }
    }

    复制代码

    从运行主方法结果可以看出,spring容器已经启动了:

    1.2、@Configuration启动容器+@Bean注册Bean,@Bean下管理bean的生命周期

    @Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的<bean>,作用为:注册bean对象

    bean类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    public class TestBean {

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String username;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String url;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String password;
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 初始化。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 销毁。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    配置类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

    @Configuration
    public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
    System.out.println(
    "TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")</span>
    

    @Bean
    @Scope(
    "prototype")
    public TestBean testBean() {
    return new TestBean();
    }
    }

    复制代码

    主方法测试类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

    public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
        ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
        
         </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取bean</span>
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb.sayHello();
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    结果:

    注: 
    (1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认与标注的方法名相同; 
    (2)、@Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域,可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域; 
    (3)、既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象,那么完全可以使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean,当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。

     

    @Bean下管理bean的生命周期

    可以使用基于 Java 的配置来管理 bean 的生命周期。@Bean 支持两种属性,即 initMethod 和destroyMethod,这些属性可用于定义生命周期方法。在实例化 bean 或即将销毁它时,容器便可调用生命周期方法。生命周期方法也称为回调方法,因为它将由容器调用。使用 @Bean 注释注册的 bean 也支持 JSR-250 规定的标准 @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 注释。如果您正在使用 XML 方法来定义 bean,那么就应该使用 bean 元素来定义生命周期回调方法。以下代码显示了在 XML 配置中通常使用 bean 元素定义回调的方法。

    复制代码
    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration")
    public class TestConfiguration {
        public TestConfiguration() {
            System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
        }
    
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法</span>
    <span style="background-color: #ff6600; color: #ffffff;">@Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
    @Scope("prototype")
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TestBean testBean() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TestBean();
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    启动类:

    复制代码
    public class TestMain {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        ApplicationContext context </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
        TestBean tb </span>= (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb.sayHello();
        System.out.println(tb);
        
        TestBean tb2 </span>= (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb2.sayHello();
        System.out.println(tb2);
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    结果:

    分析:

    结果中的1:表明initMethod生效

    结果中的2:表明@Scope("prototype")生效

     

    1.3、@Configuration启动容器+@Component注册Bean

    bean类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

    //添加注册bean的注解
    @Component
    public class TestBean {

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String username;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String url;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String password;
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 初始化。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 销毁。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    配置类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

    @Configuration
    //添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration")
    public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
    System.out.println(
    "TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">// @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
    // @Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public TestBean testBean() {
        return new TestBean();
    }</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
    

    }

    复制代码

    主方法测试获取bean对象:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
    

    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

    public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
        ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
        
         </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取bean</span>
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb.sayHello();
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    sayHello()方法都被正常调用。

    1.4、使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 注册 AppContext 类的两种方法

    1.4.1、 配置类的注册方式是将其传递给 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 构造函数

    复制代码
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
        <span style="background-color: #ff6600; color: #ffffff;">ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
    

    //获取bean
    TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
    tb.sayHello();
    }

    复制代码

    1.4.2、 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 的register 方法传入配置类来注册配置类

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
      ctx.register(AppContext.class)
    }

    1.5、配置Web应用程序(web.xml中配置AnnotationConfigApplicationContext)

    过去,您通常要利用 XmlWebApplicationContext 上下文来配置 Spring Web 应用程序,即在 Web 部署描述符文件 web.xml 中指定外部 XML 上下文文件的路径。XMLWebApplicationContext 是 Web 应用程序使用的默认上下文类。以下代码描述了 web.xml 中指向将由 ContextLoaderListener 监听器类载入的外部 XML 上下文文件的元素。

    复制代码
    <web-app>
        <context-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </context-param>
        <listener>
            <listener-class>
                org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
            </listener-class>
        </listener>
        <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sampleServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        </servlet>
    

    ...
    </web-app>

    复制代码

    现在,您要将 web.xml 中的上述代码更改为使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 类。切记,XmlWebApplicationContext 是 Spring 为 Web 应用程序使用的默认上下文实现,因此您永远不必在您的web.xml 文件中显式指定这个上下文类。现在,您将使用基于 Java 的配置,因此在配置 Web 应用程序时,需要在web.xml 文件中指定 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 类。上述代码将修改如下:

    复制代码
    <web-app>
        <context-param>
            <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
            <param-value>
                org.springframework.web.context.
                support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
            </param-value>
        </context-param>
        <context-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>
                demo.AppContext
            </param-value>
        </context-param>
        <listener>
            <listener-class>
                org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
            </listener-class>
        </listener>
        <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sampleServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
            <param-value>
                org.springframework.web.context.
                support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
            </param-value>
        </init-param>
        </servlet>
    

    ...
    </web-app>

    复制代码

    以上修改后的 web.xml 现在定义了 AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext 上下文类,并将其作为上下文参数和 servlet 元素的一部分。上下文配置位置现在指向 AppContext 配置类。这非常简单。下一节将演示 bean 的生命周期回调和范围的实现。

    1.6、@Configuation总结

     @Configuation等价于<Beans></Beans>

     @Bean等价于<Bean></Bean>

     @ComponentScan等价于<context:component-scan base-package="com.dxz.demo"/>

    二、组合多个配置类

    2.1、在@configuration中引入spring的xml配置文件

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
    

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

    @Configuration
    @ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml")
    public class WebConfig {
    }

    复制代码

    bean类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
    

    public class TestBean2 {
    private String username;
    private String url;
    private String password;

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean2 sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "TestBean2 username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean2 初始化。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean2 销毁。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    测试类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
    

    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

    public class TestMain2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
        ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebConfig.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 获取bean</span>
        TestBean2 tb = (TestBean2) context.getBean("testBean2"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb.sayHello();
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    结果:

     2.2、在@configuration中引入其它注解配置

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
    

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

    import com.dxz.demo.configuration.TestConfiguration;

    @Configuration
    @ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml")
    @Import(TestConfiguration.
    class)
    public class WebConfig {
    }

    复制代码

    测试类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
    

    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

    import com.dxz.demo.configuration.TestBean;

    public class TestMain2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
        ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebConfig.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
    
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 获取bean</span>
        TestBean2 tb2 = (TestBean2) context.getBean("testBean2"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb2.sayHello();
        
        <span style="color: #ff0000;">TestBean tb </span></span><span style="color: #ff0000;">= (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">);
        tb.sayHello();</span>
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    结果:

    2.3、@configuration嵌套(嵌套的Configuration必须是静态类)

    通过配置类嵌套的配置类,达到组合多个配置类的目的。但注意内部类必须是静态类

    上代码:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
    

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

    @Component
    public class TestBean {

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String username;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String url;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String password;
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean start"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
        System.out.println(</span>"TestBean destory"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    

    }

    复制代码
    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
    

    public class DataSource {

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String dbUser;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String dbPass;
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String getDbUser() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbUser;
    }
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setDbUser(String dbUser) {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.dbUser =<span style="color: #000000;"> dbUser;
    }
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String getDbPass() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbPass;
    }
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setDbPass(String dbPass) {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.dbPass =<span style="color: #000000;"> dbPass;
    }
    @Override
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "DataSource [dbUser=" + dbUser + ", dbPass=" + dbPass + "]"<span style="color: #000000;">;
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    配置类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
    

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration3")
    public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
    System.out.println(
    "TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }

    @Configuration
    static class DatabaseConfig {
    @Bean
    DataSource dataSource() {
    return new
    DataSource();
    }
    }

    }

    复制代码

    启动类:

    复制代码
    package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
    

    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

    public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContexts</span>
        ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    
         </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">bean</span>
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        tb.sayHello();
        
        DataSource ds </span>= (DataSource) context.getBean("dataSource"<span style="color: #000000;">);
        System.out.println(ds);
    }
    

    }

    复制代码

    结果:

    TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。
    TestBean sayHello...
    DataSource [dbUser=null, dbPass=null]

    3、@EnableXXX注解

    配合@Configuration使用,包括 @EnableAsync, @EnableScheduling, @EnableTransactionManagement, @EnableAspectJAutoProxy, @EnableWebMvc。

    @EnableAspectJAutoProxy---《spring AOP 之:@Aspect注解

    @EnableScheduling--《Spring 3.1新特性之二:@Enable*注解的源码,spring源码分析之定时任务Scheduled注解

    4、@Profile逻辑组配置

    见《Spring的@PropertySource + Environment,@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value配合使用

    5、使用外部变量

    1、@PropertySource + Environment,通过@PropertySource注解将properties配置文件中的值存储到Spring的 Environment中,Environment接口提供方法去读取配置文件中的值,参数是properties文件中定义的key值。
    2、@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value

    见《Spring的@PropertySource + Environment,@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value配合使用

    原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/duanxz/p/7493276.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/12017993.html
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