InerAddress:
/**IP地址:在网络上唯一标示一台计算机
* 端口号:标示计算机上不同的应用程序
* java.net.InetAddress类:此类表示互联网协议 (IP) 地址。
* 常用方法:
* getByName(String host) 在给定主机名的情况下确定主机的 IP 地址。
* getHostName() 获取此 IP地址的主机名。
* getHostAddress()返回 IP 地址字符串(以文本表现形式)。
* getLocalHost() 返回本地主机。
* getAllByName(String host) 在给定主机名的情况下,根据系统上配置的名称服务返回其 IP 地址所组成的数组。
*
*/
public class TestInetAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //在给定主机名的情况下确定主机的 IP 地址。 // InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("P-PC"); InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();//获取本地主机 System.out.println(inetAddress); String hostName = inetAddress.getHostName(); System.out.println("主机名:"+hostName); String ip = inetAddress.getHostAddress(); System.out.println("IP地址:"+ip); //根据主机名或域名获取其IP地址 InetAddress[] ids = InetAddress.getAllByName("www.baidu.com"); for (InetAddress inetAddress2 : ids) { System.out.println(inetAddress2); } } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
}
InetSocketAddress:
*java.net.InetSocketAddress类:此类实现 IP 套接字地址(IP 地址 + 端口号)。
*构造方法
*InetSocketAddress(InetAddress addr, int port)根据 IP 地址和端口号创建套接字地址。
*InetSocketAddress(String hostname, int port) 根据主机名和端口号创建套接字地址。
*常用的方法:
* getAddress():获取 InetAddress。
* getPort() 获取端口号。
* toString() 构造此 InetSocketAddress 的字符串表示形式。(主机名/Ip:端口号)
* getHostName()获取 主机名。
public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { // InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",3306); try { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 3306); System.out.println(socketAddress); InetAddress inetAddress = socketAddress.getAddress(); System.out.println("主机信息:"+inetAddress); int port = socketAddress.getPort(); System.out.println("端口号:"+port); String hostName = socketAddress.getHostName(); System.out.println("主机名:"+hostName); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
}
URL:
*URL:统一资源定位符
*组成部分:协议,主机名或IP,端口号,资源路径
*java.net.URL类:代表一个统一资源定位符,它是指向互联网“资源”的指针
* 常用的构造方法
* URL(String spec) 根据 String 表示形式创建 URL 对象。
* URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file) 根据指定 protocol、host、port 号和 file 创建 URL 对象。
* 常用的方法:
* getProtocol()获取此 URL 的协议名称。
* getHost()获取此 URL 的主机名(如果适用)。
* getPort() 获取此 URL 的端口号。
* getFile()获取此 URL 的文件名。
* getDefaultPort()获取与此 URL 关联协议的默认端口号。
* getPath()获取此 URL 的路径部分。
* ...
public class TestURL { public static void main(String[] args) { try { URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com/index.html#aa?cansu=bjsxt"); String protocol = url.getProtocol(); System.out.println("协议:"+protocol); String host = url.getHost(); System.out.println("主机名:"+host); int port = url.getPort(); System.out.println("端口号:"+port); int defualtPort = url.getDefaultPort(); System.out.println("默认端口:"+defualtPort); String file = url.getFile(); System.out.println("资源路径:"+file); String path = url.getPath(); System.out.println("资源路径:"+path); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
}
URL类
* InputStream openStream() 打开到此 URL 的连接并返回一个用于从该连接读入的 InputStream。
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class WebSpider {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
URL url = new URL("https://channel.jd.com/men.html");
InputStream ips = url.openStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(ips);//将字节流转换为字符流
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String str;
while((str=br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(str);
}
br.close();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Socket与SeverSocket信息的传递:
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; /*/
java.net.ServerSocket类:此类实现服务器套接字。服务器套接字等待请求通过网络传入
构造方法:
ServerSocket(int port)创建绑定到特定端口的服务器套接字。
常用方法:
accept() 侦听并接受到此套接字的连接。
close() 关闭此套接字。
服务器端
public class SimpleServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.println("------服务器端启动------");
//1.创建服务器端的套接字并指定端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
//2.侦听并接受到此套接字的连接。
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.从套接字中获取一个输入流
InputStream ips = socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(ips);
char[] cs = new char[1024];
int len = isr.read(cs);
String message = new String(cs, 0, len);
System.out.println("客户端消息:"+message);
isr.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
System.out.println("服务器数据接收完毕!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}}
}
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; /
*java.net.Socket类:此类实现客户端套接字(也可以就叫“套接字”)。套接字是两台机器间通信的端点。
*构造方法:
*Socket(InetAddress address, int port)创建一个流套接字并将其连接到指定 IP 地址的指定端口号。
*Socket(String host, int port) 创建一个流套接字并将其连接到指定主机上的指定端口号。
*常用方法:
*getOutputStream()返回此套接字的输出流。
*getInputStream() 返回此套接字的输入流。
*close()关闭此套接字。
客户端
/
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.println("-------客户端启动-------");
//1.创建一个套接字并将其连接到指定的IP地址的指定端口
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8888);
//2.获取套接字的输出流,用于输出数据
OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream();
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(ops);
osw.write("你好!");
osw.flush();
osw.close();
socket.close();
System.out.println("客户端数据发送完毕!");
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}}
}
根据用户输入的账号密码,从服务器上判断是否正确并传递信息回来:
import java.io.Serializable; /** * 如果要对该对象进行序列化,就必须实现Serializable接口 * 封装用户名和密码信息 */ public class User implements Serializable{ private String userName; private String password; public User(){} </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> User(String userName,String password){ </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.userName=<span style="color: #000000">userName; </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.password=<span style="color: #000000">password; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> String getUserName() { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span><span style="color: #000000"> userName; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span><span style="color: #000000"> setUserName(String userName) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.userName =<span style="color: #000000"> userName; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> String getPassword() { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span><span style="color: #000000"> password; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span><span style="color: #000000"> setPassword(String password) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.password =<span style="color: #000000"> password; }
}
import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.util.Scanner; /** * 客户端: * 1.获取用户名和密码 * 2.将用户名和密码封装成User对象 * 3.使用对象流将user对象发生到服务器端 * 4.读取服务器的响应消息 * 5.释放资源 */ public class LoginClient { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //获取输入的用户名和密码 System.out.println("请输入用户名:"); String userName = input.next(); System.out.println("请输入密码:"); String password = input.next(); //将用户名和密码封装成User对象 User user = new User(userName,password); try { //创建Socket对象 Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",6666); //获取输出流 OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(ops); //使用对象流将user对象发送到服务器端 oos.writeObject(user); oos.flush(); //获取服务器端响应消息 InputStream ips = socket.getInputStream(); DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(ips); String str = dis.readUTF(); System.out.println(str); //释放资源 dis.close(); oos.close(); socket.close(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
}
import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; /*/
服务器端:
1.获取客户端发送的user对象(封装了用户名和密码)
2.判断用户名和密码是否合法
3.如果合法,向客户端发送"恭喜你,登陆成功!";否则向客户端发送"用户名或密码有误!"
4.释放资源
public class LoginServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.获取客户端发送的用户名和密码信息
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(6666);
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream ips = socket.getInputStream();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(ips);
User user = (User)ois.readObject();
//2.判断用户名和密码是否正确
String message;
if("zzsxt".equals(user.getUserName())&&"zzsxt".equals(user.getPassword())){
message="恭喜你,登陆成功!";
}else{
message="用户名或密码有误!";
}
//3.创建输出流向客户端发送消息
OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(ops);
dos.writeUTF(message);
dos.flush();
//4.释放资源
ois.close();
dos.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}}
}
方法2:
/** * 服务器端: * 1.获取客户端发送的user对象(封装了用户名和密码) * 2.判断用户名和密码是否合法 * 3.如果合法,向客户端发送"恭喜你,登陆成功!";否则向客户端发送"用户名或密码有误!" * 4.释放资源 */ public class LoginServer { //用于保存用户名和密码的信息,利用用户名做键,利用密码做值 static Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); //初始化map static{ map.put("zzsxt", "zzsxt"); map.put("bjsxt", "bjsxt"); map.put("whsxt", "whsxt"); } static int count=0;//第几位访客<span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span><span style="color: #000000"> main(String[] args) { </span><span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">1.获取客户端发送的用户名和密码信息</span> ServerSocket serverSocket=<span style="color: #0000ff">null</span><span style="color: #000000">; Socket socket</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">null</span><span style="color: #000000">; ObjectInputStream ois </span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">null</span><span style="color: #000000">; DataOutputStream dos</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">null</span><span style="color: #000000">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff">try</span><span style="color: #000000"> { serverSocket </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span> ServerSocket(<span style="color: #800080">6666</span><span style="color: #000000">); </span><span style="color: #0000ff">while</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff">true</span><span style="color: #000000">){ socket </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> serverSocket.accept(); InputStream ips </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> socket.getInputStream(); ois </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span><span style="color: #000000"> ObjectInputStream(ips); User user </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> (User)ois.readObject(); </span><span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">2.判断用户名和密码是否正确</span> String userName = user.getUserName();<span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">获取用户输入的用户名 aa</span> String password = user.getPassword();<span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">获取用户输入的密码</span> String upass=map.<span style="color: #0000ff">get</span><span style="color: #000000">(userName); String message; </span><span style="color: #0000ff">if</span>(upass!=<span style="color: #0000ff">null</span>&&<span style="color: #000000">upass.equals(password)){ count</span>++;<span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">计数</span> message=<span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #800000">恭喜你,登陆成功!您是第</span><span style="color: #800000">"</span>+count+<span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #800000">位访客</span><span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #000000">; }</span><span style="color: #0000ff">else</span><span style="color: #000000">{ message</span>=<span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #800000">用户名或密码有误!</span><span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #000000">; } </span><span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">3.创建输出流向客户端发送消息</span> OutputStream ops =<span style="color: #000000"> socket.getOutputStream(); dos </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span><span style="color: #000000"> DataOutputStream(ops); dos.writeUTF(message); dos.flush(); } } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">catch</span><span style="color: #000000"> (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">catch</span><span style="color: #000000"> (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }</span><span style="color: #0000ff">finally</span><span style="color: #000000">{ </span><span style="color: #0000ff">try</span><span style="color: #000000"> { </span><span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">4.释放资源</span>
ois.close();
dos.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}}
}
方法3:转换为多线程交互
import java.io.Serializable; /** * 如果要对该对象进行序列化,就必须实现Serializable接口 * 封装用户名和密码信息 */ public class User implements Serializable{ private String userName; private String password; public User(){} </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> User(String userName,String password){ </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.userName=<span style="color: #000000">userName; </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.password=<span style="color: #000000">password; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> String getUserName() { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span><span style="color: #000000"> userName; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span><span style="color: #000000"> setUserName(String userName) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.userName =<span style="color: #000000"> userName; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> String getPassword() { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span><span style="color: #000000"> password; } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span><span style="color: #000000"> setPassword(String password) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">this</span>.password =<span style="color: #000000"> password; } @Override </span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span><span style="color: #000000"> String toString() { </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span> <span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #800000">User [userName=</span><span style="color: #800000">"</span> + userName + <span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #800000">, password=</span><span style="color: #800000">"</span> + password + <span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #800000">]</span><span style="color: #800000">"</span><span style="color: #000000">; }
}
public class LoginClient { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //获取输入的用户名和密码 System.out.println("请输入用户名:"); String userName = input.next(); System.out.println("请输入密码:"); String password = input.next(); //将用户名和密码封装成User对象 User user = new User(userName,password); try { //创建Socket对象 Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",6666); //获取输出流 OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(ops); //使用对象流将user对象发送到服务器端 oos.writeObject(user); oos.flush(); //获取服务器端响应消息 InputStream ips = socket.getInputStream(); DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(ips); String str = dis.readUTF(); System.out.println(str); //释放资源 dis.close(); oos.close(); socket.close(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}
import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; //
- 用于处理客户端请求的线程
- @author Administrator
public class ServerThread extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
//用于保存用户名和密码的信息,利用用户名做键,利用密码做值
static Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
//初始化map
static{
map.put("zzsxt", "zzsxt");
map.put("bjsxt", "bjsxt");
map.put("whsxt", "whsxt");
}
static int count=0;//第几位访客
//构造方法
public ServerThread(Socket socket){
this.socket=socket;
}
/*
* 处理客户端请求
*/
@Override
public void run() {
ObjectInputStream ois =null;
DataOutputStream dos=null;
try {
InputStream ips = socket.getInputStream();
ois = new ObjectInputStream(ips);
User user = (User)ois.readObject();
//2.判断用户名和密码是否正确
String userName = user.getUserName();//获取用户输入的用户名 aa
String password = user.getPassword();//获取用户输入的密码
String upass=map.get(userName);
String message;
if(upass!=null&&upass.equals(password)){
count++;//计数
message="恭喜你,登陆成功!您是第"+count+"位访客";
}else{
message="用户名或密码有误!";
}
//3.创建输出流向客户端发送消息
OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream();
dos = new DataOutputStream(ops);
dos.writeUTF(message);
dos.flush();
} catch (IOException |ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
ois.close();
dos.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/** * 面临的问题: * 当多个用户同时登陆时,只能排队等待。 * 解决方案:使用多线程进行解决,为每一个客户请求创建线程,为其提供服务。 * * 服务器端: * 1.获取客户端发送的user对象(封装了用户名和密码) * 2.判断用户名和密码是否合法 * 3.如果合法,向客户端发送"恭喜你,登陆成功!";否则向客户端发送"用户名或密码有误!" * 4.释放资源 * */ public class LoginServer {</span><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span><span style="color: #000000"> main(String[] args) { </span><span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">1.获取客户端发送的用户名和密码信息</span> ServerSocket serverSocket=<span style="color: #0000ff">null</span><span style="color: #000000">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff">try</span><span style="color: #000000"> { serverSocket </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span> ServerSocket(<span style="color: #800080">6666</span><span style="color: #000000">); </span><span style="color: #0000ff">while</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff">true</span><span style="color: #000000">){ Socket socket </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> serverSocket.accept(); </span><span style="color: #008000">//</span><span style="color: #008000">启动线程,处理用户请求</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span><span style="color: #000000"> ServerThread(socket).start(); } } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">catch</span><span style="color: #000000"> (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }</span><span style="color: #0000ff">finally</span><span style="color: #000000">{ </span><span style="color: #0000ff">try</span><span style="color: #000000"> { serverSocket.close(); } </span><span style="color: #0000ff">catch</span><span style="color: #000000"> (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
}
TCP与UDP的区别:
1.TCP与UDP基本区别
1.基于连接与无连接,TCP是面向连接,UDP是不面向连接;
2.TCP要求系统资源较多效率低,UDP较占用资源少;
3.UDP程序结构较简单,TCP点到点的通信,UDP可以广播发送 ;
4.流模式(TCP)与数据报模式(UDP);
5.TCP保证数据正确性,UDP可能丢包(发送不管对方是否准备好,接收方收到也无确认);
6.TCP保证数据顺序,UDP不保证 ;
2.UDP应用场景:
1.面向数据报方式
2.网络数据大多为短消息
3.拥有大量Client
4.对数据安全性无特殊要求
5.网络负担非常重,但对响应速度要求高
3.具体编程时的区别
1.socket()的参数不同
2.UDP Server不需要调用listen和accept
3.UDP收发数据用sendto/recvfrom函数
4.TCP:地址信息在connect/accept时确定
5.UDP:在sendto/recvfrom函数中每次均 需指定地址信息
6.UDP:shutdown函数无效