1 文由
由于安装环境较为特殊，实在折煞人也。而此环境的网络博客/教程偏少，觉得有必要记录一下。
2 环境
安装主机不支持联网 即 不支持APT/APT-GET等傻瓜式的在线安装方式。
- 硬件架构: AARCH64(ARM64架构的V8状态)
- OS: Kylin(国产操作系统:银河麒麟)
- 基于 Ubuntu Linux内核
root@Kylin:~# cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.15.0-72kord1-generic (root@Kylin) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6kord1~16.04.10)) #72kord1 SMP Tue Jan 14 20:23:52 CST 2020
root@Kylin:~# uname -a
Linux Kylin 4.15.0-72kord1-generic #72kord1 SMP Tue Jan 14 20:23:52 CST 2020 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
3 安装过程
- 下载、上传: 支持ARM64的MySQL安装包到目标主机
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/bionic/arm64/mysql-server
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/bionic/arm64/mysql-server/5.7.27-0ubuntu0.18.04.1
- 安装: MySQL
dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.27-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_all.deb
- 初次登陆: MySQL
登陆前，需配置MySQL的socket通信文件(mysqld.sock)
sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
解决方法:
+ 创建sock文件
mkdir /var/run/mysqld/
touch /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
+ 修改文件所有者
chown mysql /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
+ 重启服务
service mysql restart
- 查看用户(debian-sys-maint)初始登陆密码
cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
user = debian-sys-maint
password = JALJKBhjpqCfgeIPyo
- 再次登陆
root@Kylin:~# mysql -udebian-sys-maint -pJALJKBhjpqCfgeIPyo
- 修改: 密码
show databases;
use mysql;
update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("123456") where user='root';
update user set plugin="mysql_native_password";
flush privileges;
quit;
mysql -uroot -p #输入上面查到的临时密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
- 配置: 支持远端连接
root@Kylin:~# vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
root@Kylin:~# mysql -u root -p
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
- 配置： mysql系统级配置
为什么用这种繁琐、效率低下的配置方式？
因为N次尝试直接配置mysqld.cnf文件后，再重启MySQL均失败，实在不得已而为之。
修改/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf(等同于配置其他常见主流教程中的/etc/mysql/my.cnf)配置：
查找 OS配置文件: find / -name "my.cnf"
查看 MySQL配置项： show variables like 'datadir';
set global thread_cache_size=64;
set global max_allowed_packet=104857600;
100M = 100*1024*1024 = 104857600
set global key_buffer_size = 629145600;
600M = 600*1024*1024 = 629145600
set global query_cache_size = 268435456;
256M = 256*1024*1024 = 268435456
set global max_connections=500;
set global table_open_cache = 1024;
# table_cache 在5.1.3以后叫做 table_open_cache
set global innodb_buffer_pool_size=2147483648;
2048M = 2048*1024*1024 = 2147483648
set global collation_server=utf8_bin;
set global sql_mode='NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES';
set global sort_buffer_size = 6144;
6M = 6*1024= 6144
set global read_buffer_size = 6144;
6M = 6*1024= 6144
set global read_rnd_buffer_size = 8192;
8M = 8*1024 = 8192
set global myisam_sort_buffer_size = 65536;
64M = 64*1024= 65536
set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2;
[read only] 【只能通过配置文件修改，本次安装没有配置成功如下配置项】
set global datadir='/var/lib/mysql/' 【有改动】
set global symbolic-links=0;
set global log_error='/var/log/mysql/error.log'; 【有改动】
set global skip_name_resolve;
# 能让MySQL登陆链接变快速 # 0 关闭支持符号链接
set global lower_case_table_names=0;
set global innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824;
1024M = 1024*1024*1024 = 1073741824
set global innodb_log_files_in_group = 3;
- 配置: MySQL端口
vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 1314
- 配置: 字符集编码
【服务端字符集】
set global character_set_server=utf8;
或(推荐↓)
vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
【数据库字符集】[可选]
set global character_set_database=utf8;
【客户端字符集】
vi /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
查看 MySQL字符集编码: show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 配置MySQL服务到系统服务中
systemctl start mysql.service
上述操作失败时，可进行的辅助操作↓
cat /var/log/syslog
service mysql restart
service mysql status