一、简介
关于服务注册和服务发现介绍,我前面的文章有介绍过 - 服务注册和发现的文章(https://www.cnblogs.com/jiujuan/p/15087196.html)。
作为服务中心的软件有很多,比如 etcd,consul,nacos,zookeeper 等都可以作为服务中心。
go-kratos 把这些服务中心的功能作为插件,集成进了 kratos 中。
下面就用 etcd 作为服务中心来说说 kratos 里服务注册和服务发现功能的使用。
二、服务注册和服务发现
2.1 接口定义
从 go-kratos 服务注册和发现文档中,我们知道它的接口定义非常简单:
注册和反注册服务:
type Registrar interface {
// 注册实例
Register(ctx context.Context, service *ServiceInstance) error
// 反注册实例
Deregister(ctx context.Context, service *ServiceInstance) error
}
获取服务:
type Discovery interface {
// 根据 serviceName 直接拉取实例列表
GetService(ctx context.Context, serviceName string) ([]*ServiceInstance, error)
// 根据 serviceName 阻塞式订阅一个服务的实例列表信息
Watch(ctx context.Context, serviceName string) (Watcher, error)
}
2.2 简单使用
服务端注册服务
使用 etcd 作为服务中心。
1.新建 etcd连接client, etcdregitry.New(client)
2.把 regitry传入 kratos.Registrar(r)
3.传入服务名称 kratos.Name("helloworld")
看官方的示例代码,server/main.go:
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"log"
etcdregitry "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/contrib/registry/etcd/v2"
"github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2"
"github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware/recovery"
"github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/transport/grpc"
"github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/transport/http"
pb "github.com/go-kratos/examples/helloworld/helloworld"
etcdclient "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
)
type server struct {
pb.UnimplementedGreeterServer
}
func (s *server) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *pb.HelloRequest) (*pb.HelloReply, error) {
return &pb.HelloReply{Message: fmt.Sprintf("welcome %+v!", in.Name)}, nil
}
func main() {
// 创建 etcd client 连接
client, err := etcdclient.New(etcdclient.Config{
Endpoints: []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"},
})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 初始化 http server
httpSrv := http.NewServer(
http.Address(":8080"),
http.Middleware(
recovery.Recovery(),
),
)
// 初始化 grpc server
grpcSrv := grpc.NewServer(
grpc.Address(":9000"),
grpc.Middleware(
recovery.Recovery(),
),
)
// 在服务器上注册服务
s := &server{}
pb.RegisterGreeterServer(grpcSrv, s)
pb.RegisterGreeterHTTPServer(httpSrv, s)
// 创建一个 registry 对象,就是对 ectd client 操作的一个包装
r := etcdregitry.New(client)
app := kratos.New(
kratos.Name("helloworld"), // 服务名称
kratos.Server(
httpSrv,
grpcSrv,
),
kratos.Registrar(r), // 填入etcd连接(etcd作为服务中心)
)
if err := app.Run(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
etcd作为服务中心的使用步骤图解:
客户端获取服务
客户端的服务发现,主要也是 3 个步骤.
1.新建 etcd连接, 传入到 etcdregitry.New(client)
2.将 registry 传入 WithDiscovery(r)
3.获取服务WithEndpoint("discovery:///helloworld")
步骤与服务没有多大区别。
官方的示例代码,client/main.go:
package main
import (
"context"
"log"
"time"
"github.com/go-kratos/examples/helloworld/helloworld"
etcdregitry "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/contrib/registry/etcd/v2"
"github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/transport/grpc"
"github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/transport/http"
etcdclient "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
srcgrpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
)
func main() {
client, err := etcdclient.New(etcdclient.Config{
Endpoints: []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"},
})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
r := etcdregitry.New(client) // 传入 etcd client,也就是选择 etcd 为服务中心
connGRPC, err := grpc.DialInsecure(
context.Background(),
grpc.WithEndpoint("discovery:///helloworld"), // 服务发现
grpc.WithDiscovery(r), // 传入etcd registry
)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer connGRPC.Close()
connHTTP, err := http.NewClient(
context.Background(),
http.WithEndpoint("discovery:///helloworld"),
http.WithDiscovery(r),
http.WithBlock(),
)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer connHTTP.Close()
for {
callHTTP(connHTTP)
callGRPC(connGRPC)
time.Sleep(time.Second)
}
}
func callHTTP(conn *http.Client) {
client := helloworld.NewGreeterHTTPClient(conn)
reply, err := client.SayHello(context.Background(), &helloworld.HelloRequest{Name: "go-kratos"})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Printf("[http] SayHello %+v\n", reply)
}
func callGRPC(conn *srcgrpc.ClientConn) {
client := helloworld.NewGreeterClient(conn)
reply, err := client.SayHello(context.Background(), &helloworld.HelloRequest{Name: "go-kratos"})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Printf("[grpc] SayHello %+v\n", reply)
}
运行程序
1.运行etcd,没有安装etcd的请自行百度或gg安装
2.运行服务端
$ cd ./etcd/server
$ go run ./main.go
INFO msg=[HTTP] server listening on: [::]:8080
INFO msg=[gRPC] server listening on: [::]:9000
3.运行客户端
$ cd ./client
$ go run .\main.go
INFO msg=[resolver] update instances: [{"id":"8fc08b88-e37b-11ec-bb6f-88d7f62323b4","name":"helloworld","version":"","metadata":null,"endpoints":["http://192.168.56.1:8080","grpc://192.168.56.1:9000"]}]
2022/06/04 04:28:21 [http] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
2022/06/04 04:28:21 [grpc] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
INFO msg=[resolver] update instances: [{"id":"8fc08b88-e37b-11ec-bb6f-88d7f62323b4","name":"helloworld","version":"","metadata":null,"endpoints":["http://192.168.56.1:8080","grpc://192.168.56.1:9000"]}]
2022/06/04 04:28:22 [http] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
2022/06/04 04:28:22 [grpc] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
2022/06/04 04:28:23 [http] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
2022/06/04 04:28:23 [grpc] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
2022/06/04 04:28:24 [http] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
2022/06/04 04:28:24 [grpc] SayHello message:"welcome go-kratos!"
... ...
程序运行成功
看看 etcd 运行日志:
2022-06-04 04:26:03.896230 W | wal: sync duration of 1.1565369s, expected less than 1s
2022-06-04 04:26:03.991356 N | embed: serving insecure client requests on 127.0.0.1:2379, this is strongly discouraged!
2022-06-04 04:27:18.187663 W | etcdserver: request "header:<ID:7587862969930594823 > put:<key:\"/microservices/helloworld/8fc08b88-e37b-11ec-bb6f-88d7f62323b4\" value_size:162 lease:7587862969930594821 >" with result "size:4" took too long (113.4545ms) to execute
2.3 简析服务注册程序
一图解千言:
-
etcdregitry.New(client)
这里是对 etcd client 的包装处理,那么选择的服务中心就是 etcd。也可以使用consul,zookeeper 等,kratos 对它们都有封装。
// 对 etcd client 的包装在处理
r := etcdregitry.New(client)
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/contrib/registry/etcd/registry.go#L56
// New creates etcd registry
func New(client *clientv3.Client, opts ...Option) (r *Registry) {
op := &options{
ctx: context.Background(),
namespace: "/microservices",
ttl: time.Second * 15,
maxRetry: 5,
}
for _, o := range opts {
o(op)
}
return &Registry{
opts: op,
client: client,
kv: clientv3.NewKV(client),
}
}
-
kratos.New()
对应用程序初始化化,应用程序参数初始化 - 默认参数或接受传入的参数。
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/blob/v2.3.1/app.go#L39
func New(opts ...Option) *App {
o := options{
ctx: context.Background(),
sigs: []os.Signal{syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGQUIT, syscall.SIGINT},
registrarTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
stopTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
... ...
return &App{
ctx: ctx,
cancel: cancel,
opts: o,
}
}
-
kratos.Name("helloworld")
处理应用的服务参数。这个参数传入到上面
func New(opts ...Option) *App
。
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/options.go#L41
// Name with service name.
func Name(name string) Option {
return func(o *options) { o.name = name }
}
-
kratos.Registrar(r)
选择哪个服务中心(etcd,consul,zookeeper,nacos 等等)作为 kratos 的服务中心。
这个参数传入到上面func New(opts ...Option) *App
。
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/blob/v2.3.1/options.go#L81
func Registrar(r registry.Registrar) Option {
return func(o *options) { o.registrar = r }
}
- registrar.Register()
真正把服务注册到服务中心的是 app.Run()
这个方法里的 a.opts.registrar.Register()
方法,Register() 方法把服务实例注册到服务中心。
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/app.go#L84
if err := a.opts.registrar.Register(rctx, instance); err != nil {
return err
}
参数 instance 就是方法 buildInstance() 返回的服务实例 ServiceInstance,ServiceInstance struct 包含了一个服务实例所需的字段。
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/app.go#L154
func (a *App) buildInstance() (*registry.ServiceInstance, error)
// https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/registry/registry.go#L33
type ServiceInstance struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Version string `json:"version"`
Metadata map[string]string `json:"metadata"`
Endpoints []string `json:"endpoints"`
}