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拦截器:
- Struts2大多数核心功能都是通过拦截器实现的,每个拦截器完成某项功能
- 拦截器方法在Action执行之前或之后执行
工作原理:
- 拦截器的执行过程是一个递归的过程
- action请求-->拦截器1-->拦截器2-->...-->拦截器n-->action方法-->返回结果-->拦截器n-->...-->拦截器2-->拦截器1-->逻辑视图
实现方式:
- 方式一:实现Interceptor接口
1) void init():初始化拦截器所需资源
2) void destroy():释放在init()中分配的资源
3) String interceptor(ActionInvocation invocation) throw Exception
· 实现拦截器工鞥呢
· 利用ActionInvocation参数获取Action动态
· 返回result字符串作为逻辑视图
- 方式二:继承AbstractInterceptor类(常用)
1) 提供了init()和destroy()方法的空实现
2) 只需要实现interceptor方法
Struts2内置拦截器:
- params拦截器
负责将请求参数设置为Action属性
- staticParams拦截器
将配置文件中action子元素param参数设置为Action属性
- servletConfig拦截器
将源于Servlet API的各种对象注入到Action中,必须实现对应接口
- fileUpload拦截器
对文件上传提供支持,将文件和元数据设置到对应的Action属性(对Commons-FileUpload进行封装)
- exception
捕获异常,并且将异常映射到用户自定义的错误页面
- validation拦截器
调用验证框架进行数据验证
实例:
1.项目结构
2.pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.struts</groupId> <artifactId>Struts2-TimerInterceptor</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <struts.version>2.5.10</struts.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Junit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Struts2 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>${struts.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>Struts2-TimerInterceptor</finalName> </build> </project>
3.web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0" metadata-complete="true"> <!-- 首页 --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- Struts2过滤器--> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
4.index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Struts2拦截器示例之时间拦截器</title> </head> <body> <a href="timer">执行Action方法并计算执行时间</a> </body> </html>
5.success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>执行成功</title> </head> <body> Action执行成功 </body> </html>
6.TimerAction.java
package org.struts.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class TimerAction extends ActionSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { for (int i = 0; i <1000; i++) { System.out.println("第" + i + "次循环"); } return SUCCESS; } }
7.TimerInterceptor.java
package org.struts.interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor; public class TimerInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { // 获取当前时间:ms long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 执行下一个拦截器,若已是最后一个拦截器则执行action方法(result为逻辑视图名称) String result = invocation.invoke(); // 获取当前时间:ms long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 计算action执行时间并输出 System.out.println("action执行时间为:" + (end - start) + "ms"); // 返回逻辑视图 return result; } }
8.struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd"> <struts> <package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> <!-- 注册拦截器 --> <interceptors> <interceptor name="timer" class="org.struts.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/> </interceptors> <action name="timer" class="org.struts.action.TimerAction"> <result>/success.jsp</result> <!-- 引用拦截器 --> <interceptor-ref name="timer"/> </action> </package> </struts>
9.效果预览