Java把这些不同来源和目标的数据都统一抽象为数据流;Java语言的输入输出功能是十分强大而灵活的;在Java类库中,IO部分的内容是很庞大的,因为它涉及的领域很广泛:标准输入输出,文件的操作,网络上的数据流,字符串流,对象流,zip文件流。
这里介绍几种读写文件的方式:
一、InputStream、OutputStream(字节流)
//读取文件(字节流) InputStream in = new FileInputStream("d:\1.txt"); //写入相应的文件 OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("d:\2.txt"); //读取数据 //一次性取多少字节 byte[] bytes = new byte[2048]; //接受读取的内容(n就代表的相关数据,只不过是数字的形式) int n = -1; //循环取出数据 while ((n = in.read(bytes,0,bytes.length)) != -1) { //转换成字符串 String str = new String(bytes,0,n,"GBK"); #这里可以实现字节到字符串的转换,比较实用 System.out.println(str); //写入相关文件 out.write(bytes, 0, n); } //关闭流 in.close(); out.close();
二、BufferedInputStream、BufferedOutputStream(缓存字节流)使用方式和字节流差不多,但是效率更高(推荐使用)
//读取文件(缓存字节流) BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:\1.txt")); //写入相应的文件 BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:\2.txt")); //读取数据 //一次性取多少字节 byte[] bytes = new byte[2048]; //接受读取的内容(n就代表的相关数据,只不过是数字的形式) int n = -1; //循环取出数据 while ((n = in.read(bytes,0,bytes.length)) != -1) { //转换成字符串 String str = new String(bytes,0,n,"GBK"); System.out.println(str); //写入相关文件 out.write(bytes, 0, n); } //清楚缓存 out.flush(); //关闭流 in.close(); out.close();
三、InputStreamReader、OutputStreamWriter(字节流,这种方式不建议使用,不能直接字节长度读写)。使用范围用做字符转换
//读取文件(字节流) InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\1.txt"),"GBK"); //写入相应的文件 OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\2.txt")); //读取数据 //循环取出数据 byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; while ((len = in.read()) != -1) { System.out.println(len); //写入相关文件 out.write(len); } //清楚缓存 out.flush(); //关闭流 in.close(); out.close();
四、FileReader、FileWriter(提供少量的文本读取和写入文本)
try{ //使用FileWriter类写文本文件 FileWriter writer=new FileWriter(fileName); writer.write("Hello Kuka: "); writer.write(" My name is coolszy! "); writer.write(" I like you and miss you。"); writer.close(); } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } try{ //使用FileWriter类往文本文件中追加信息 FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(fileName, true); SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(); String time = format.format(new Date()); writer.write(" " + time); writer.close(); } catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } int c=0; try{ //使用FileReader类读文本文件 FileReader reader=new FileReader(fileName); c=reader.read(); while(c!=-1) { System.out.print((char)c); c=reader.read(); } reader.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
五、BufferedReader、BufferedWriter(缓存流,提供readLine方法读取一行文本)
//读取文件(字符流) BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\1.txt"),"GBK"));#这里主要是涉及中文 //BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:\1.txt"))); //写入相应的文件 BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\2.txt"),"GBK")); //BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("d:\2.txt")); //读取数据 //循环取出数据 String str = null; while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(str); //写入相关文件 out.write(str); out.newLine(); //注意 不一定在各种计算机上都能产生换行的效果
} //清楚缓存 out.flush(); //关闭流 in.close(); out.close();
六、Reader、PrintWriter(PrintWriter这个很好用,在写数据的同事可以格式化)
//读取文件(字节流) Reader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\1.txt"),"GBK"); //写入相应的文件 PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("d:\2.txt")); //读取数据 //循环取出数据 byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; while ((len = in.read()) != -1) { System.out.println(len); //写入相关文件 out.write(len); } //清楚缓存 out.flush(); //关闭流 in.close(); out.close();