每天一个Linux命令之：chage

命令简介： 

　　该命令用于密码时效管理。它可以修改账号和密码的有效期。对于chage命令的描述如下所示：

　　The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change his/her password

命令语法：

　　chage [options] user

命令参数：

参数	描叙
-d	指定密码最后修改日期
-E	密码到期的日期，过了这天，此账号将不可用。0表示马上过期，-1表示永不过期。
-h	显示帮助信息并退出
-I	密码过期后，锁定账号的天数
-l	列出用户以及密码的有效期
-m	密码可以更改的最小天数。为零代表任何时候都可以更改密码。
-M	密码保持有效的最大天数。
-W	密码过期前，提前收到警告信息的天数。

使用示例： 

1: 查看chage命令的帮助信息

[root@DB-Server ~]#man chage
[root@DB-Server ~]# info chage

[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -h
Usage: chage [options] user
 
Options:
  -d, --lastday LAST_DAY        set last password change to LAST_DAY
  -E, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE
  -h, --help                    display this help message and exit
  -I, --inactive INACTIVE       set password inactive after expiration
                                to INACTIVE
  -l, --list                    show account aging information
  -m, --mindays MIN_DAYS        set minimum number of days before password
                                change to MIN_DAYS
  -M, --maxdays MAX_DAYS        set maximim number of days before password
                                change to MAX_DAYS
  -W, --warndays WARN_DAYS      set expiration warning days to WARN_DAYS

2：查看mysql用户以及密码的有效期

[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -l mysql
Last password change                                    : Mar 26, 2015
Password expires                                        : never
Password inactive                                       : never
Account expires                                         : never
Minimum number of days between password change          : -1
Maximum number of days between password change          : -1
Number of days of warning before password expires       : -1

3：设置mysql用户60天后密码过期，至少7天后才能修改密码，密码过期前7天开始收到告警信息。

[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -M 60 -m 7 -W 7 mysql
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -l mysql
Last password change                                    : Mar 26, 2015
Password expires                                        : May 25, 2015
Password inactive                                       : never
Account expires                                         : never
Minimum number of days between password change          : 7
Maximum number of days between password change          : 60
Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7

4：强制新建用户第一次登陆时修改密码

[root@DB-Server home]# useradd test
[root@DB-Server home]# passwd test
Changing password for user test.
New UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@DB-Server home]# chage -d 0 test
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@DB-Server home]# chage -l test
Last password change                                    : password must be changed
Password expires                                        : never
Password inactive                                       : never
Account expires                                         : never
Minimum number of days between password change          : 0
Maximum number of days between password change          : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7