• Java WEB中的HttpServletResponse数据传递


    1.什么是HttpServletResponse

    2.使用HttpServletResponse向浏览器发送数据及相关实例。

      实例1:实现文件下载功能

      实例2:实现验证码注册

      实例3:实现页面3秒后跳转

      实例4:实现页面缓存

      实例5:重定向技术

    什么是HttpServletResponse

    HttpServletResponse以在发送一个响应消息时提供 指定的HTTP功能性。例如它有访问HTTP 头和cookies的方法.servlet容器创建一个 HttpServletRequest 对象并将之作为一个参数传递给 servlet的 service方法 (如doGet, doPost等).

    使用HttpServletResponse向浏览器发送数据

    public void test(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    		String date = "hello!";
    		//设置response使用的码表,以控制response以什么码表向浏览器写数据
    		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    		//指定浏览器以什么码表去读取传输过来的数据,
    		response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
                    //response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");//开发中不建议这样使用
    		PrintWriter pr=response.getWriter();
    		pr.write(date);
    	}
    

     在这里要注意一个乱码问题:以什么样的码表向浏览器写数据,浏览器就要用什么样的码表去读取传输过来是数据。如果两者分别使用的码表不一致,则会导致乱码问题。

    我这里是用字节流向浏览器写数据,数据的读写分为两大板块:字节流字符流,根据实际情况使用,当数据中全是字符类型的话可以使用字符流,否则的话使用字节流:比如读取一部影片就要使用字节流。

    最保险的方法就是:无论读写什么样的数据都使用字节流。

    实例:实现文件下载功能:

    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class Response1 extends HttpServlet {
    
    	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/斗地主.png");
    		String filename = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\") + 1);
    		// 如果下载文件是中文文件,则文件名需要经过URI编码
    		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");//开发中不建议这样使用
    //Content-Disposition:浏览器弹出下载对话框 response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename, "UTF-8")); ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); download(out, path); } //文件下载方法,通用 private void download(ServletOutputStream responseout, String path) { InputStream in = null; OutputStream out = null; try { try { in = new FileInputStream(path); int len = 0; byte buffer[] = new byte[1204]; out = responseout; while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { out.write(buffer, 0, len); } } catch (Exception e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (out != null) { try { out.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } }

     实例:实现验证码注册

    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Font;
    import java.awt.Graphics;
    import java.awt.Graphics2D;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class Response2 extends HttpServlet {
    	public static final int HEIGHT = 30;
    	public static final int WHITH = 120;
    	public  static String context="";
    
    	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		
    
    		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WHITH, HEIGHT,
    				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    		Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
    
    		// 设置背景色
    		setBackground(g);
    		// 设置边框
    		setBorder(g);
    		// 设置干扰线
    		setRandomLine(g);
    		// 写随机数
    		setRandomNum((Graphics2D) g);
    		// 图形给浏览器
    		response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
    		// 发头,控制浏览器不要缓存
    		response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
    		response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    		ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
    		
    //		 String password =request.getParameter("userpassword"); 
    //		 System.out.println("网页验证码为:"+request.getAttribute(password));
    //		 System.out.println("验证码为:"+context);
    //		 if(!context.equals(password)){
    //			 System.out.println("验证码输入错误!");
    //		 }else{
    //			 System.out.println("验证码输入正确!");
    //		 }
    
    	}
    
    	private void setBackground(Graphics g) {
    		g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
    		g.fillRect(0, 0, WHITH, HEIGHT);
    
    	}
    
    	private void setBorder(Graphics g) {
    		g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
    		g.drawRect(1, 1, WHITH - 2, HEIGHT - 2);
    
    	}
    
    	private void setRandomLine(Graphics g) {
    		g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
    		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    			int x1 = new Random().nextInt(WHITH);
    			int y1 = new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT);
    			int x2 = new Random().nextInt(WHITH);
    			int y2 = new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT);
    			g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
    		}
    
    	}
    
    	private void setRandomNum(Graphics2D g) {
    		g.setColor(Color.RED);
    		g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 15));
    		// 准备常用汉字集
    		String base = "u7684u4e00u4e86u662fu6211u4e0du5728u4ebau4eecu6709u6765u4ed6u8fd9u4e0au7740u4e2au5730u5230u5927u91ccu8bf4u5c31u53bbu5b50u5f97u4e5fu548cu90a3u8981
    u4e0bu770bu5929u65f6u8fc7u51fau5c0fu4e48u8d77u4f60u90fdu628au597du8fd8u591au6ca1u4e3au53c8u53efu5bb6u5b66u53eau4ee5u4e3bu4f1au6837u5e74u60f3u751fu540cu8001u4e2du5341u4ece
    u81eau9762u524du5934u9053u5b83u540eu7136u8d70u5f88u50cfu89c1u4e24u7528u5979u56fdu52a8u8fdbu6210u56deu4ec0u8fb9u4f5cu5bf9u5f00u800cu5df1u4e9bu73b0u5c71u6c11u5019u7ecfu53d1
    u5de5u5411u4e8bu547du7ed9u957fu6c34u51e0u4e49u4e09u58f0u4e8eu9ad8u624bu77e5u7406u773cu5fd7u70b9u5fc3u6218u4e8cu95eeu4f46u8eabu65b9u5b9eu5403u505au53ebu5f53u4f4fu542cu9769
    u6253u5462u771fu5168u624du56dbu5df2u6240u654cu4e4bu6700u5149u4ea7u60c5u8defu5206u603bu6761u767du8bddu4e1cu5e2du6b21u4eb2u5982u88abu82b1u53e3u653eu513fu5e38u6c14u4e94u7b2c
    u4f7fu5199u519bu5427u6587u8fd0u518du679cu600eu5b9au8bb8u5febu660eu884cu56e0u522bu98deu5916u6811u7269u6d3bu90e8u95e8u65e0u5f80u8239u671bu65b0u5e26u961fu5148u529bu5b8cu5374
    u7ad9u4ee3u5458u673au66f4u4e5du60a8u6bcfu98ceu7ea7u8ddfu7b11u554au5b69u4e07u5c11u76f4u610fu591cu6bd4u9636u8fdeu8f66u91cdu4fbfu6597u9a6cu54eau5316u592au6307u53d8u793eu4f3c
    u58ebu8005u5e72u77f3u6ee1u65e5u51b3u767eu539fu62ffu7fa4u7a76u5404u516du672cu601du89e3u7acbu6cb3u6751u516bu96beu65e9u8bbau5417u6839u5171u8ba9u76f8u7814u4ecau5176u4e66u5750
    u63a5u5e94u5173u4fe1u89c9u6b65u53cdu5904u8bb0u5c06u5343u627eu4e89u9886u6216u5e08u7ed3u5757u8dd1u8c01u8349u8d8au5b57u52a0u811au7d27u7231u7b49u4e60u9635u6015u6708u9752u534a
    u706bu6cd5u9898u5efau8d76u4f4du5531u6d77u4e03u5973u4efbu4ef6u611fu51c6u5f20u56e2u5c4bu79bbu8272u8138u7247u79d1u5012u775bu5229u4e16u521au4e14u7531u9001u5207u661fu5bfcu665a
    u8868u591fu6574u8ba4u54cdu96eau6d41u672au573au8be5u5e76u5e95u6df1u523bu5e73u4f1fu5fd9u63d0u786eu8fd1u4eaeu8f7bu8bb2u519cu53e4u9ed1u544au754cu62c9u540du5440u571fu6e05u9633
    u7167u529eu53f2u6539u5386u8f6cu753bu9020u5634u6b64u6cbbu5317u5fc5u670du96e8u7a7fu5185u8bc6u9a8cu4f20u4e1au83dcu722cu7761u5174u5f62u91cfu54b1u89c2u82e6u4f53u4f17u901au51b2
    u5408u7834u53cbu5ea6u672fu996du516cu65c1u623fu6781u5357u67aau8bfbu6c99u5c81u7ebfu91ceu575au7a7au6536u7b97u81f3u653fu57ceu52b3u843du94b1u7279u56f4u5f1fu80dcu6559u70edu5c55
    u5305u6b4cu7c7bu6e10u5f3au6570u4e61u547cu6027u97f3u7b54u54e5u9645u65e7u795eu5ea7u7ae0u5e2eu5566u53d7u7cfbu4ee4u8df3u975eu4f55u725bu53d6u5165u5cb8u6562u6389u5ffdu79cdu88c5
    u9876u6025u6797u505cu606fu53e5u533au8863u822cu62a5u53f6u538bu6162u53d4u80ccu7ec6"; int x = 10; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int degree = new Random().nextInt() % 30;// -30 +30 String ch = base.charAt(new Random().nextInt(base.length())) + ""; context += ch; g.rotate(degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 15); g.drawString(ch, x, 20); g.rotate(-degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 15); x += 25; } } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } }

     html显示代码:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>index</title>
    
    <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta name="description" content="this is my page">
    <meta name="content-type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
    
    <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
    	function changerImage(img) {
    		img.src = img.src + "?" + new Date().getTime();
    	}
    </script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
    	<form action="">
    		用户名:<input type="text" /><br> 密码:<input type="password" name="userpassword"><br>
    		认证码:<input type="text" name="checkcode"><img src="/day-02/Response2" onclick="changerImage(this)" style="cursor:pointer;"><br>
    		<input type="button" value="注册">
    
    	</form>
    </body>
    </html>
    

     实现效果:

     实例:实现页面3秒后跳转

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class Response3 extends HttpServlet {
    
    	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		test2(request, response);
    
    	}
    	//自动跳转技术
    	public void test2(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		//在开发中最实用的
    		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 开发中不建议这样使用
    		String message="<meta http-equiv='refresh' content='3;url=/day-02/index.jsp'>恭喜你 !登录成功!本浏览器将在3秒后跳转到首页,如果没有跳,请点<a href=''>请继续</a>";
    		this.getServletContext().setAttribute("message", message);
    		//页面跳转
    		this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
    	}
    
    	public void test1(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    		// 假设这是一个用于处理登录的Servlet
    		// 假设程序用运行到此,用户登录成功!
    		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 开发中不建议这样使用
    		response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url='/day-02/index.html'");
    		response.getWriter().write("恭喜你 !登录成功!本浏览器将在3秒后跳转到首页,如果没有跳,请点<a href=''>请继续</a>");
    	}
    
    	public void test(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    		// 浏览器每过一秒刷新一次
    		response.setHeader("refresh", "1");
    		String date = new Random().nextInt(10000) + "";
    		response.getWriter().write(date);
    	}
    
    	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    
    	}
    
    }
    

     实例:实现页面缓存

     为什么要使用页面缓存:在实际开发中,为了实现二次加载速度,通常把一些固定的数据缓存起来,入图片,字等等,当浏览器二次访问时,直接从内存中获取缓存数据,不需要再次访问服务器进行数据传递。

    具体实现代码:

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class Response4 extends HttpServlet {
    	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		/*Expires实体报头域给出响应过期的日期和时间。为了让代理服务器或浏览器在一段时间以后更新缓存中(再次访问曾访问过的页面时,
    		 * 直接从缓存中加载,缩短响应时间和降低服务器负载)的页面,我们可以使用Expires实体报头域指定页面过期的时间。
    		 * eg:Expires:Thu,15 Sep 2006 16:23:12 GMT
    		HTTP1.1的客户端和缓存必须将其他非法的日期格式(包括0)看作已经过期。eg:为了让浏览器不要缓存页面,
    		我们也可以利用Expires实体报头域,设置为0,jsp中程序如下:response.setDateHeader("Expires","0");
    		*/
    		response.setDateHeader("expires", System.currentTimeMillis()+1000*3600);//指定一小时后再向服务器在发送请求
    		String date="aaaaaaa";
    		response.getWriter().write(date);
    
    	}
    
    	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    
    	}
    
    }
    

     实例:重定向技术

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class Response5 extends HttpServlet {
    	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		//1.浏览器会向服务器发送两次请求,意味着有两个request,response
    		//2.用重定向技术,浏览器地址栏会发生变化
    		//请求重定向,登录情况和购物车、下必须要用请求重定向
    		/*response.setStatus(302);
    		response.setHeader("location", "/day-02/index.jsp");*///同下面代码功能相同
    		response.sendRedirect("/day-02/index.jsp");
    
    	}
    
    	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    
    	}
    
    }
    

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangxifanzhouyudu/p/6911659.html
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