• this指向



     全局环境
        
            window    
            <script type="text/javascript">
                console.log(this);    // 全局环境 window
            </script>
        
        事件处理函数
        
            DOM事件处理函数
            <div id="box">div</div>
            <script type="text/javascript">
                var box = document.getElementById('box');
                box.onclick = function () {
                    console.log(this);    // 事件处理函数中的this,该事件由谁触发,this指向的就是谁
                }
            </script>
        
            内联事件处理函数
            <div id="box1" onclick="console.log(this)">div1</div><!-- this: <div id="box1" onclick="console.log(this)">div1</div> 指向触发事件的元素-->
            <div id="box2" onclick="( (function (){console.log(this)})() )">div2</div><!-- this: window -->    
        
        函数内部
        
            函数直接执行
                非严格模式下:
                    1、默认指向全局对象
                    (1)浏览器
                    (2)node
                        a: node交互界面中;
                        b: js文件中;
                        node_this.js 文件中直接console.log(this);用node方式打开输出{}console.log(this === module.exports);输出true
                        node交互界面中直接输入this 输出的才是gobal
                
                严格模式下(前面省略window,浏览器严格模式支持)
                    undefined
        
            call,apply,bind 把this的值从一个执行环境传入另一个执行环境,call和apply的参数差异,如果传入的不是对象会调用相对的构造函数,进行隐式转换
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    function fn() {
                        console.log(this); 
                    }
                    var fn1 = fn.bind(1);
                    fn1(); // Number {1}__proto__: Number[[PrimitiveValue]]: 1
                </script>
        
                call
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                        function fn(m,n) {
                            console.log(this.a,m,n); // 1 2 3
                        }
                        fn.call({a:1},2,3);
                        /* 函数.call 会直接调用该函数
                        call的第0个参数就是函数执行时候的this
                        后面的参数是函数执行的时候的参数
                        */
                    </script>
        
                bind 返回一个新函数,内部this指向被修改,只会改变一次
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                        function fn() {
                            console.log(this.a); 
                        }
                        fn.bind(); // 没有输出 函数.bind 改变this指向,并不调用函数
                        var fn1 = fn.bind({a:1});
                        console.log(fn1); // fn() {console.log(this.a);}
                        fn(); // undefined 并不会改变原有fn的指向
                        fn1(); // 1
                        var fn2 = fn.bind({a:2});
                        var fn3 = fn.bind({a:3});
                        fn2(); // 2
                        fn3(); // 3
                        var fn4 = fn1.bind({a:4}); // fn1该指向只能改一次
                        fn4(); // 1
                    </script>
        
        箭头函数内部
        
            与定义时的环境中this一致
                点击元素定时改变
                <div id="box">box</div>
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var box = document.querySelector('#box');
                    box.onclick = function () {
                        setTimeout(()=>{
                            this.style.backgroundColor = 'red';
                        },500);
                        // 箭头函数被定义的时候指向的是box,所以里面的this就指向box
                    }
                </script>
        
            bind,call不能修改其内部指向
            <script type="text/javascript">
                var fn = ()=>{
                    console.log(this);
                };
                var fn1 = fn.bind({});
                fn1();    // window
            </script>
        
            全局中定义箭头函数
                全局对象
            
            对象内函数定义箭头函数
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var a = 1;
                    var obj = {
                        a: 2,
                        fn1: ()=>{
                            console.log(this.a);    //this指向window
                        },
                        fn2: function () {
                            console.log(this.a);    //this指向obj
                        }
                    };
                    obj.fn1(); // 1 定义时的环境和obj所在环境一样 this指向window
                    obj.fn2(); // 2 obj调用 this指向obj
                </script>
            对象内函数返回箭头函数
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var a = 1;
                    var obj = {
                        a: 2,
                        fn1: function () {
                            console.log(this.a); // 2
                            return function () {
                                console.log(this.a); // 1
                            }
                        },
                        fn2: ()=>{
                            console.log(this.a); // 1
                            return ()=>{
                                console.log(this.a); // 1    
                            }
                        }
                    };
                    // obj.fn1()(); // 1 等同于下面两行代码  obj.fn1()返回的是一个函数 obj.fn1()()是window调用
                    var innerFn1 = obj.fn1(); 
                    innerFn1(); // 1
                    // obj.fn2()(); // 1 
                    var innerFn2 = obj.fn2(); 
                    innerFn2(); // 1
                </script>
        
        对象方法内部
            
            当函数作为对象里的方法被调用时:调用该函数的对象
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var a = 1;
                    var obj = {
                        a: 2,
                        fn: function () {
                            console.log(this.a);
                        }
                    }
                    obj.fn();     //    2 this指向调用该函数的对象
                    obj.fn.bind({a: 'haha'})();    // haha
                </script>
            
            对象后续附属上的方法调用:调用该函数的对象
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var obj = {
                        a: 1
                    }
                    var fn = function () {
                        console.log(this.a);
                    }
                    obj.fn = fn;
                    obj.fn();     //    1 this指向调用该函数的对象
                    var fn1 = ()=>{
                        console.log(this.a);
                    }
                    obj.fn1 = fn1;
                    obj.fn1();     //    undefined this指向window
                </script>
            作为函数内嵌套多层的方法调用:就近绑定
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var a = 1;
                    var obj = {
                        a: 2,
                        b: {
                            a: 3,
                            fn: function () {
                                console.log(this.a);
                            },
                            fn1: ()=>{
                                console.log(this.a);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    obj.b.fn();     //    3 this指向调用该函数的对象b
                    var temp = obj.b.fn;    // temp赋值为函数,并没有调用执行
                    temp();        // 1 this指向调用该函数的对象window
                    obj.b.fn1();    // 1 this指向定义该函数时的环境window
                </script>

        构造函数中

            构造函数中没有显示return
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    function Fn() {
                        this.a = 1;
                    }
                    var f = new Fn();
                    console.log(f);    // Fn {a: 1} this指向new关键字创建实例化之后的实例f
                </script>
            构造函数中显示return
                return 对象
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                        function Fn() {
                            this.a = 1;
                            return {};
                        }
                        var f = new Fn();
                        console.log(f);    // {} return非null的对象,实例化的结果就是返回出的对象
                    </script>
                return 非对象
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                        function Fn() {
                            this.a = 1;
                            return 2;
                        }
                        var f = new Fn();
                        console.log(f);    // Fn {a: 1} return非对象,实例化的结果就是new的实例
                    </script>

        原型链上函数

            调用该函数的对象
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var p = {
                        a: 1,
                        fn: function () {
                            console.log(this.a);
                        }
                    }
                    var c = Object.create(p);    //     以p为模板创建c
                    console.log(c);        // {}__proto__: Object
                    console.log(c.a);    // 1 一个对象上面没有函数,会找proto
                    console.log(c.__proto__);    // {a: 1}
                    c.fn();        // 1
                </script>

        getter 和 setter中

            get访问
            set设置
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    var obj = {
                        n: 1,
                        m: 2,
                        get sum() {
                            console.log('正在访问sum...');
                            return this.n + this.m;
                        },
                        set sum(v) {    // 必须有一个参数 否则报错
                            console.log('正在设置sum...');
                            this.n = v/2;
                            this.m = v/2;
                        }
                    }
                    console.log(obj.sum);        // 3
                    obj.sum = 40;
                    console.log(obj.n);     // 20
                </script>

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jianglibaizhi/p/10189079.html
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