问题:假设有3个分别命名为A,B,C的塔座,在塔座A上插有n个直径大小各不相同、依小到大编号为1,2,……n个圆盘。现要求将A轴上的n个圆盘移至塔座C上并仍按同样顺序叠排,圆盘移动时必须遵守下列规则:(1)每次只能移动一个圆盘;(2)圆盘可以插在A,B和C中的任一塔座上;(3)任何时刻都不能将一个较大的圆盘压在较小的圆盘之上。应该怎么移动?
汉罗塔问题解析:要把n个罗盘从A柱子移动到C,可以先把上面n-1个盘子从A通过C移动到B,再将第n个盘子从A移动到C,将n-1个盘子从B通过A移动到C,对于n-1个盘子可以通过函数递归来移动。
基本实现过程:
n=eval(input()) def hanoi(n,A,C,B): if n==1: print("{} --> {}".format(A,C)) else: hanoi (n-1,A,B,C) #把n-1个盘从A移动到B print("{} --> {}".format(A,C))#把第n个盘子从A移动到C hanoi(n-1,B,C,A)#把n-1个盘子从B移动到C hanoi(n,'A','C',"B")
动画实现过程:
import turtle class Stack: def __init__(self): self.items = [] def isEmpty(self): return len(self.items) == 0 def push(self, item): self.items.append(item) def pop(self): return self.items.pop() def peek(self): if not self.isEmpty(): return self.items[len(self.items) - 1] def size(self): return len(self.items) def drawpole_3():#画出汉诺塔的poles t = turtle.Turtle() t.hideturtle() def drawpole_1(k): t.up() t.pensize(10) t.speed(100) t.goto(400*(k-1), 100) t.down() t.goto(400*(k-1), -100) t.goto(400*(k-1)-20, -100) t.goto(400*(k-1)+20, -100) drawpole_1(0)#画出汉诺塔的poles[0] drawpole_1(1)#画出汉诺塔的poles[1] drawpole_1(2)#画出汉诺塔的poles[2] def creat_plates(n):#制造n个盘子 plates=[turtle.Turtle() for i in range(n)] for i in range(n): plates[i].up() plates[i].hideturtle() plates[i].shape("square") plates[i].shapesize(1,8-i) plates[i].goto(-400,-90+20*i) plates[i].showturtle() return plates def pole_stack():#制造poles的栈 poles=[Stack() for i in range(3)] return poles def moveDisk(plates,poles,fp,tp):#把poles[fp]顶端的盘子plates[mov]从poles[fp]移到poles[tp] mov=poles[fp].peek() plates[mov].goto((fp-1)*400,150) plates[mov].goto((tp-1)*400,150) l=poles[tp].size()#确定移动到底部的高度(恰好放在原来最上面的盘子上面) plates[mov].goto((tp-1)*400,-90+20*l) def moveTower(plates,poles,height,fromPole, toPole, withPole):#递归放盘子 if height >= 1: moveTower(plates,poles,height-1,fromPole,withPole,toPole) moveDisk(plates,poles,fromPole,toPole) poles[toPole].push(poles[fromPole].pop()) moveTower(plates,poles,height-1,withPole,toPole,fromPole) myscreen=turtle.Screen() drawpole_3() #n=int(input("请输入汉诺塔的层数并回车: ")) n=3 plates=creat_plates(n) poles=pole_stack() for i in range(n): poles[0].push(i) moveTower(plates,poles,n,0,2,1) myscreen.exitonclick()