left join中关于where和on条件的几个知识点: 1.多表left join是会生成一张临时表,并返回给用户 2.where条件是针对最后生成的这张临时表进行过滤,过滤掉不符合where条件的记录,是真正的不符合就过滤掉。 3.on条件是对left join的右表进行条件过滤,但依然返回左表的所有行,右表中没有的补为NULL 4.on条件中如果有对左表的限制条件,无论条件真假,依然返回左表的所有行,但是会影响右表的匹配值。也就是说on中左表的限制条件只影响右表的匹配内容,不影响返回行数。 结论: 1.where条件中对左表限制,不能放到on后面 2.where条件中对右表限制,放到on后面,会有数据行数差异,比原来行数要多 测试: 创建两张表: CREATE TABLE t1(id INT,name VARCHAR(20)); insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (1,'a11'); insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (2,'a22'); insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (3,'a33'); insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (4,'a44'); CREATE TABLE t2(id INT,local VARCHAR(20)); insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (1,'beijing'); insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (2,'shanghai'); insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (5,'chongqing'); insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (6,'tianjin'); 测试01:返回左表所有行,右表符合on条件的原样匹配,不满足条件的补NULL root@localhost:cuigl 11:04:25 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id; +------+------+----------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+----------+ | 1 | a11 | beijing | | 2 | a22 | shanghai | | 3 | a33 | NULL | | 4 | a44 | NULL | +------+------+----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 测试02:on后面增加对右表的限制条件:t2.local='beijing' 结论02:左表记录全部返回,右表筛选条件生效 root@localhost:cuigl 11:19:42 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id and t2.local='beijing'; +------+------+---------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+---------+ | 1 | a11 | beijing | | 2 | a22 | NULL | | 3 | a33 | NULL | | 4 | a44 | NULL | +------+------+---------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 测试03:只在where后面增加对右表的限制条件:t2.local='beijing' 结论03:针对右表,相同条件,在where后面是对最后的临时表进行记录筛选,行数可能会减少;在on后面是作为匹配条件进行筛选,筛选的是右表的内容。 root@localhost:cuigl 11:20:07 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id where t2.local='beijing'; +------+------+---------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+---------+ | 1 | a11 | beijing | +------+------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 测试04:t1.name='a11' 或者 t1.name='a33' 结论04:on中对左表的限制条件,不影响返回的行数,只影响右表的匹配内容 root@localhost:cuigl 11:24:46 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id and t1.name='a11'; +------+------+---------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+---------+ | 1 | a11 | beijing | | 2 | a22 | NULL | | 3 | a33 | NULL | | 4 | a44 | NULL | +------+------+---------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) root@localhost:cuigl 11:25:04 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id and t1.name='a33'; +------+------+-------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+-------+ | 1 | a11 | NULL | | 2 | a22 | NULL | | 3 | a33 | NULL | | 4 | a44 | NULL | +------+------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 测试05:where t1.name='a33' 或者 where t1.name='a22' 结论05:where条件是在最后临时表的基础上进行筛选,显示只符合最后where条件的行 root@localhost:cuigl 11:25:15 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id where t1.name='a33'; +------+------+-------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+-------+ | 3 | a33 | NULL | +------+------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) root@localhost:cuigl 11:27:27 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id where t1.name='a22'; +------+------+----------+ | id | name | local | +------+------+----------+ | 2 | a22 | shanghai | +------+------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1、在on后面加条件仅适合用于left join (right join未测,inner join与where类似)。
2、不考虑where条件下,left join会把左表所有数据查询出来,on及其后面的条件仅仅会影响右表的数据(符合就显示,不符合全部为null)。
3、where后面加条件与左连接本身无关,影响的是连接产生后的数据。
4、所以左连接关注的是左边的主表数据,不应该把on后面的从表中的条件加到where后,这样会影响原有主表中的数据。