/* * 对于线程之间的操作: * 一个进程中会有多个线程,各个线程之间的或向切换会付出很小的代价相比于进程之间的切换 * 为什么要引入多线程: * 1.与进程相比,他是一种非常节俭的多任务的操作方式。文们知道,在linux系统下,启动一个新的进程, * 必须分配一个独立的地址空间,建立众多的数据表来维护它的代码段,堆栈段和数据段,这是一种开销和维护成本比较大的多任务工作方式。 * 而运行一个进程中的多个线程,他们彼此之间使用相同的地址空间,共享大部分的数据,启动一个线程花费的时间和空间远小于启动一个进程 * 所花费的空间; * 2.线程间的通信比较方便,对于不同的进程来说,他们具有独立的数据空间,要进行数据传递只能以通信的方式进行,这种方式不仅费时,而且不方便 * 线程则不然,由于同一进程下的线程之间共享数据空间,所以一个线程的数据可以直接为其他线程所用。 * 3.提高应用程序的响应; * 4.使多CPU系统更加有效,操作系统会保证当线程数不大于CPU数目时,不同的线程运行在不同的CPU上 * 5.改善程序结构,一个即长有复杂的进程,可以考虑分为多个线程,成为几个独立或半独立的运行部分,这样程序便于理解和修改 * */ #include <pthread.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/resource.h> #define MAX 10 pthread_t thread[2]; pthread_mutex_t mut; int number = 0,i; void * thread1(void * ) { printf("thread1 : I'm thread 1 "); for(i=0; i<MAX; i++) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mut); printf("thread1 : number = %d ",number); number++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut); msleep(1000*100); } printf("thread1 :wait the main thread to finish the task? "); pthread_exit(NULL); } void * thread2(void * ) { printf("thread2 : I'm thread 2 "); for(i=0; i<MAX; i++) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mut); printf("thread2 : number = %d ",number); number--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut); msleep(1000*100); } printf("thread2 :wait the main thread to finish the task? "); pthread_exit(NULL); } void thread_create(void) { int temp; memset(&thread,0,sizeof(thread)); temp = pthread_create(&thread[0],NULL,thread1,NULL); if(temp != 0) printf("create thread 1 failed "); else printf("create thread 1 successful "); temp = pthread_create(&thread[1],NULL,thread2,NULL); if(temp != 0) printf("create thread 2 failed "); else printf("create thread 2 successful "); } void thread_wait(void) { if(thread[0] != 0) { pthread_join(thread[0],NULL); printf("thread 1 has finished "); } if(thread[1] != 0) { pthread_join(thread[0],NULL); printf("thread 2 has finished "); } } int main() { pthread_mutex_init(&mut,NULL); printf("I am the main thread "); thread_create(); printf("Main thread wait other thread run "); thread_wait(); return 0; }
在我笔记本上的运行结果是:
I am the main thread create thread 1 successful create thread 2 successful Main thread wait other thread run thread2 : I'm thread 2 thread1 : I'm thread 1 thread2 : number = 0 thread1 : number = -1 thread2 : number = 0 thread1 : number = -1 thread2 : number = 0 thread1 : number = -1 thread1 : number = 0 thread2 : number = 1 thread2 : number = 0 thread1 : number = -1 thread2 : number = 0 thread1 : number = -1 thread1 : number = 0 thread2 : number = 1 thread2 :wait the main thread to finish the task? thread1 :wait the main thread to finish the task? thread 1 has finished thread 2 has finished