• Spring Security + JWT 实现一个权限系统,写的太好了吧!


    作者:小小____
    来源:segmentfault.com/a/1190000023052493

    思维导图如下

    RBAC权限分析

    RBAC 全称为基于角色的权限控制,本段将会从什么是RBAC,模型分类,什么是权限,用户组的使用,实例分析等几个方面阐述RBAC

    思维导图

    绘制思维导图如下

    什么是RBAC

    RBAC 全称为用户角色权限控制,通过角色关联用户,角色关联权限,这种方式,间阶的赋予用户的权限,如下图所示

    对于通常的系统而言,存在多个用户具有相同的权限,在分配的时候,要为指定的用户分配相关的权限,修改的时候也要依次的对这几个用户的权限进行修改,有了角色这个权限,在修改权限的时候,只需要对角色进行修改,就可以实现相关的权限的修改。这样做增加了效率,减少了权限漏洞的发生。

    模型分类

    对于RBAC模型来说,分为以下几个模型 分别是RBAC0,RBAC1,RBAC2,RBAC3,这四个模型,这段将会依次介绍这四个模型,其中最常用的模型有RBAC0.

    RBAC0

    RBAC0是最简单的RBAC模型,这里面包含了两种。

    用户和角色是多对一的关系,即一个用户只充当一种角色,一个角色可以有多个角色的担当。
    用户和角色是多对多的关系,即,一个用户可以同时充当多个角色,一个角色可以有多个用户。
    此系统功能单一,人员较少,这里举个栗子,张三既是行政,也负责财务,此时张三就有俩个权限,分别是行政权限,和财务权限两个部分。

    RBAC1

    相对于RBAC0模型来说,增加了子角色,引入了继承的概念。

    RBAC2 模型

    这里RBAC2模型,在RBAC0模型的基础上,增加了一些功能,以及限制

    角色互斥

    即,同一个用户不能拥有两个互斥的角色,举个例子,在财务系统中,一个用户不能拥有会计员和审计这两种角色。

    基数约束

    即,用一个角色,所拥有的成员是固定的,例如对于CEO这种角色,同一个角色,也只能有一个用户。

    先决条件

    即,对于该角色来说,如果想要获得更高的角色,需要先获取低一级别的角色。举个栗子,对于副总经理和经理这两个权限来说,需要先有副总经理权限,才能拥有经理权限,其中副总经理权限是经理权限的先决条件。

    运行时互斥

    即,一个用户可以拥有两个角色,但是这俩个角色不能同时使用,需要切换角色才能进入另外一个角色。举个栗子,对于总经理和专员这两个角色,系统只能在一段时间,拥有其一个角色,不能同时对这两种角色进行操作。

    RBAC3模型

    即,RBAC1,RBAC2,两者模型全部累计,称为统一模型。

    什么是权限

    权限是资源的集合,这里的资源指的是软件中的所有的内容,即,对页面的操作权限,对页面的访问权限,对数据的增删查改的权限。 举个栗子。 对于下图中的系统而言,

    拥有,计划管理,客户管理,合同管理,出入库通知单管理,粮食安全追溯,粮食统计查询,设备管理这几个页面,对这几个页面的访问,以及是否能够访问到菜单,都属于权限。

    用户组的使用

    对于用户组来说,是把众多的用户划分为一组,进行批量授予角色,即,批量授予权限。 举个栗子,对于部门来说,一个部门拥有一万多个员工,这些员工都拥有相同的角色,如果没有用户组,可能需要一个个的授予相关的角色,在拥有了用户组以后,只需要,把这些用户全部划分为一组,然后对该组设置授予角色,就等同于对这些用户授予角色。

    优点: 减少工作量,便于理解,增加多级管理,等。

    SpringSecurity 简单使用

    首先添加依赖

    Spring Boot 基础就不介绍了,推荐下这个实战教程:
    https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    

    然后添加相关的访问接口

    package com.example.demo.web;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public class Test {
        @RequestMapping("/test")
        public String test(){
            return "test";
        }
    }
    

    最后启动项目,在日志中查看相关的密码

    访问接口,可以看到相关的登录界面

    输入用户名和相关的密码

    用户名: user
    密码 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c
    

    登录成功

    增加用户名和密码

    在配置文件中,书写相关的登录和密码

    spring:
      security:
        user:
          name: ming
          password: 123456
          roles: admin
    
    

    在登录页面,输入用户名和密码,即可正常登录

    基于内存的认证

    需要自定义类继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代码如下

    package com.example.demo.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
    
    @Configuration
    public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        @Bean
        PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
            return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
            auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                    .withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
        }
    }
    

    即,配置的用户名为admin,密码为123,角色为admin

    HttpSecurity

    这里对一些方法进行拦截

    package com.ming.demo.interceptor;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class SecurityConfig  extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        //基于内存的用户存储
        @Override
        public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
            auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                    .withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
                    .withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
        }
    
        //请求拦截
        @Override
        protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.authorizeRequests()
                    .anyRequest().permitAll()
                    .and()
                    .formLogin()
                    .permitAll()
                    .and()
                    .logout()
                    .permitAll();
        }
    
    }
    

    即,这里完成了对所有的方法访问的拦截。

    SpringSecurity 集成JWT

    这是一个小demo,目的,登录以后返回jwt生成的token

    导入依赖

    添加web依赖

    导入JWT和Security依赖

     <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
                <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
                <version>0.9.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-security -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    

    创建一个JwtUser实现UserDetails

    创建 一个相关的JavaBean

    package com.example.demo;
    
    import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
    
    import java.util.Collection;
    
    public class JwtUser implements UserDetails {
        private String username;
        private String password;
        private Integer state;
        private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
        public JwtUser(){
    
        }
    
        public JwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state,  Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
            this.username = username;
            this.password = password;
            this.state = state;
            this.authorities = authorities;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
            return authorities;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getPassword() {
            return this.password;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getUsername() {
            return this.username;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isEnabled() {
            return true;
        }
    }
    

    编写工具类生成令牌

    编写工具类,用来生成token,以及刷新token,以及验证token

    package com.example.demo;
    
    import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
    import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
    import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
        private String secret;
        private Long expiration;
        private String header;
    
        private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
            Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
            return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
        }
    
        private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
            Claims claims;
            try {
                claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                claims = null;
            }
            return claims;
        }
    
        public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
            Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
            claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
            claims.put("created", new Date());
            return generateToken(claims);
    
        }
    
        public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
            String username;
            try {
                Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
                username = claims.getSubject();
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                username = null;
    
            }
            return username;
    
        }
    
        public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
            try {
                Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
                Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
                return expiration.before(new Date());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    
        public String refreshToken(String token) {
            String refreshedToken;
            try {
                Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
                claims.put("created", new Date());
                refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                refreshedToken = null;
    
            }
            return refreshedToken;
        }
    
        public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
            JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
            String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
            return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
    
        }
    
    }
    

    编写拦截器

    编写Filter 用来检测JWT

    package com.example.demo;
    
    import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
    import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
    import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
    
    import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @Component
    public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter  extends OncePerRequestFilter {
        @Autowired
        private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
        @Autowired
        private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
    
        @Override
        protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
            String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
            if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {
                String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
                if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
                    UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                    if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
                        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication  =
                        new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
                        authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
                        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
    
                    }
                }
            }
            filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
    
        }
    }
    

    编写userDetailsService的实现类

    在上方代码中,编写userDetailsService,类,实现其验证过程

    package com.example.demo;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
    import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import javax.management.relation.Role;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Service
    public class JwtUserDetailsServiceImpl  implements UserDetailsService {
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper;
    
        @Override
        public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
            User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
            if (user == null) {
                throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'.这个用户不存在", s));
    
            }
            List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
            return new JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);
    
        }
    }
    

    编写登录

    编写登录业务的实现类 其login方法会返回一个JWTUtils 的token

    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl  implements UserService {
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper;
    
        @Autowired
        private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    
        @Autowired
        private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    
        @Autowired
        private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
    
        public User findByUsername(String username) {
            User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
            return user;
    
        }
    
        public RetResult login(String username, String password) throws AuthenticationException {
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
            final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
            return new RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));
    
        }
    }
    

    最后配置Config

    @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class WebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        @Autowired
        private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
        @Autowired
        private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
    
        @Autowired
        public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
            authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    
        }
    
        @Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)
    
        @Override
        public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
            return super.authenticationManagerBean();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
            return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                    .and().authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
                    .antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
                    .anyRequest().authenticated()
                    .and().headers().cacheControl();
    
            http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    
            ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();
    
            registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();
    
        }
    
        @Bean
        public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
            final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
            final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
            cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
            cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
            cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
            cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
            urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
            return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);
    
        }
    }
    

    运行,返回token

    运行,返回结果为token

    SpringSecurity JSON登录

    这里配置SpringSecurity之JSON登录

    这里需要重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter类,以及配置SpringSecurity

    重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter

    public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
    
        @Override
        public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
    
            //attempt Authentication when Content-Type is json
            if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
                    ||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){
    
                //use jackson to deserialize json
                ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
                try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){
                    AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean.class);
                    authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                            authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
                }catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                            "", "");
                }finally {
                    setDetails(request, authRequest);
                    return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
                }
            }
    
            //transmit it to UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
            else {
                return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
            }
        }
    }
    

    配置SecurityConfig

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
                .cors().and()
                .antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                //这里必须要写formLogin(),不然原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter不会出现,也就无法配置我们重新的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
                .and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
                .and().csrf().disable();
    
        //用重写的Filter替换掉原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
        http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
    
    //注册自定义的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
    @Bean
    CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
        CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
        filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
        filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
        filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");
    
        //这句很关键,重用WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置的AuthenticationManager,不然要自己组装AuthenticationManager
        filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
        return filter;
    }
    

    这样就完成使用json登录SpringSecurity

    Spring Security 密码加密方式

    需要在Config 类中配置如下内容

     /**
         * 密码加密
         */
        @Bean
        public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
            return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        }
    

    即,使用此方法,对密码进行加密, 在业务层的时候,使用此加密的方法

    @Service
    @Transactional
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    
        @Resource
        private UserRepository userRepository;
    
        @Resource
        private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder;  //注入bcryct加密
        @Override
        public User add(User user) {
            user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); //对密码进行加密
            User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
            return user2;
        }
        @Override
        public ResultInfo login(User user) {
            ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
            User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
            if (user2==null) {
                resultInfo.setCode("-1");
                resultInfo.setMessage("用户名不存在");
                return resultInfo;
            }
    
            //判断密码是否正确
            if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {
                resultInfo.setCode("-1");
                resultInfo.setMessage("密码不正确");
                return resultInfo;
            }
            resultInfo.setMessage("登录成功");
            return resultInfo;
        }
    }
    

    即,使用BCryptPasswordEncoder 对密码进行加密,保存数据库

    使用数据库认证

    这里使用数据库认证SpringSecurity

    设计数据表

    这里设计数据表

    着重配置SpringConfig

    @Configurable
    public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;    // service 层注入
    
        @Bean
        PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
            return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
            // 参数传入Service,进行验证
            auth.userDetailsService(userService);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
                    .anyRequest().authenticated()
                    .and()
                    .formLogin()
                    .loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
                    .and()
                    .csrf().disable();
        }
    }
    

    这里着重配置SpringConfig

    小结

    着重讲解了RBAC的权限配置,以及简单的使用SpringSecurity,以及使用SpringSecurity + JWT 完成前后端的分离,以及配置json登录,和密码加密方式,

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/javastack/p/16737895.html
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