BootStrap在netty的应用程序中负责引导服务器和客户端。netty包含了两种不同类型的引导:
1. 使用服务器的ServerBootStrap,用于接受客户端的连接以及为已接受的连接创建子通道。
2. 用于客户端的BootStrap,不接受新的连接,并且是在父通道类完成一些操作。
一般服务端的代码如下所示:
SimpleServer.java
/** * Created by chenhao on 2019/9/4. */ public final class SimpleServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .handler(new SimpleServerHandler()) .childHandler(new SimpleServerInitializer()) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
SimpleServerHandler.java
private static class SimpleServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println("channelActive"); } @Override public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println("channelRegistered"); } @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println("handlerAdded"); } }
SimpleServerInitializer.java
public class SimpleServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{ @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter())); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast("handler", new SimpleChatServerHandler()); System.out.println("SimpleChatClient:" + ch.remoteAddress()+"连接上"); } }
在上篇博文(Netty源码分析 (一)----- NioEventLoopGroup)中 剖析了如下的两行代码内部的构造函数中干了些什么。
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
具体可以见上篇博文,对于如上的两行代码得到的结论是:
1、 如果不指定线程数,则线程数为:CPU的核数*2
2、根据线程个数是否为2的幂次方,采用不同策略初始化chooser
3、产生nThreads个NioEventLoop对象保存在children数组中。
可以理解NioEventLoop就是一个线程,线程NioEventLoop中里面有如下几个属性:
1、NioEventLoopGroup (在父类SingleThreadEventExecutor中)
2、selector
3、provider
4、thread (在父类SingleThreadEventExecutor中)
更通俗点就是: NioEventLoopGroup就是一个线程池,NioEventLoop就是一个线程。NioEventLoopGroup线程池中有N个NioEventLoop线程。
ServerBootstrap类分析
本篇博文将分析如下几行代码里面做了些什么。
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .handler(new SimpleServerHandler()) .childHandler(new SimpleServerInitializer()) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ServerBootstrap类的继承结构如下:
该类的参数,有必要列出:
private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> childOptions = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>(); private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> childAttrs = new LinkedHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>(); private volatile EventLoopGroup childGroup; private volatile ChannelHandler childHandler;
其父类AbstractBootstrap的参数
private volatile EventLoopGroup group; private volatile ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory; private volatile SocketAddress localAddress; private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>(); private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = new LinkedHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>(); private volatile ChannelHandler handler;
下面主要看下这个链式设置相关的参数。
group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
public ServerBootstrap group(EventLoopGroup parentGroup, EventLoopGroup childGroup) { super.group(parentGroup); if (childGroup == null) { throw new NullPointerException("childGroup"); } if (this.childGroup != null) { throw new IllegalStateException("childGroup set already"); } this.childGroup = childGroup; return this; }
即将workerGroup保存在 ServerBootstrap对象的childGroup属性上。 bossGroup保存在ServerBootstrap对象的group属性上
channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) { if (channelClass == null) { throw new NullPointerException("channelClass"); } return channelFactory(new BootstrapChannelFactory<C>(channelClass)); } public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) { if (channelFactory == null) { throw new NullPointerException("channelFactory"); } if (this.channelFactory != null) { throw new IllegalStateException("channelFactory set already"); } this.channelFactory = channelFactory; return (B) this; }
函数功能:设置父类属性channelFactory 为: BootstrapChannelFactory类的对象。其中这里BootstrapChannelFactory对象中包括一个clazz属性为:NioServerSocketChannel.class,从如下该类的构造函数中可以明显的得到这一点。
private static final class BootstrapChannelFactory<T extends Channel> implements ChannelFactory<T> { private final Class<? extends T> clazz; BootstrapChannelFactory(Class<? extends T> clazz) { this.clazz = clazz; } @Override public T newChannel() { try { return clazz.newInstance(); } catch (Throwable t) { throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t); } } @Override public String toString() { return StringUtil.simpleClassName(clazz) + ".class"; } }
并且BootstrapChannelFactory中提供 newChannel()方法,我们可以看到 clazz.newInstance(),主要是通过反射来实例化NioServerSocketChannel.class
handler(new SimpleServerHandler())
public B handler(ChannelHandler handler) { if (handler == null) { throw new NullPointerException("handler"); } this.handler = handler; return (B) this; }
注意:这里的handler函数的入参类是我们自己提供的。如下,后面的博文中将会分析这个handler将会在哪里以及何时被调用,这里只需要记住这一点即可
private static class SimpleServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println("channelActive"); } @Override public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println("channelRegistered"); } @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println("handlerAdded"); } }
childHandler(new SimpleServerInitializer())
public ServerBootstrap childHandler(ChannelHandler childHandler) { if (childHandler == null) { throw new NullPointerException("childHandler"); } this.childHandler = childHandler; return this; }
由最后一句可知,其实就是讲传入的childHandler赋值给ServerBootstrap的childHandler属性。
该函数的主要作用是设置channelHandler来处理客户端的请求的channel的IO。 这里我们一般都用ChannelInitializer这个类的实例或则继承自这个类的实例
这里我是通过新建类SimpleChatServerInitializer继承自ChannelInitializer。具体的代码如下:
public class SimpleChatServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{ @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter())); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast("handler", new SimpleChatServerHandler()); System.out.println("SimpleChatClient:" + ch.remoteAddress()+"连接上"); } }
我们再看看ChannelInitializer这个类的继承图可知ChannelInitializer其实就是继承自ChannelHandler的
可知,这个类其实就是往pipeline中添加了很多的channelHandler。
配置ServerBootstrap的option
这里调用的是父类的AbstractBootstrap的option()方法,源码如下:
public <T> B option(ChannelOption<T> option, T value) { if (option == null) { throw new NullPointerException("option"); } if (value == null) { synchronized (options) { options.remove(option); } } else { synchronized (options) { options.put(option, value); } } return (B) this; }
其中最重要的一行代码就是:
options.put(option, value);
这里用到了options这个参数,在AbstractBootstrap的定义如下:
private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
可知是私有变量,而且是一个Map集合。这个变量主要是设置TCP连接中的一些可选项,而且这些属性是作用于每一个连接到服务器被创建的channel。
配置ServerBootstrap的childOption
这里调用的是父类的ServerBootstrap的childOption()方法,源码如下:
public <T> ServerBootstrap childOption(ChannelOption<T> childOption, T value) { if (childOption == null) { throw new NullPointerException("childOption"); } if (value == null) { synchronized (childOptions) { childOptions.remove(childOption); } } else { synchronized (childOptions) { childOptions.put(childOption, value); } } return this; }
这个函数功能与option()函数几乎一样,唯一的区别是该属性设定只作用于被acceptor(也就是boss EventLoopGroup)接收之后的channel。
总结
比较简单哈,主要是将我们提供的参数设置到其相应的对象属性中去了。 因为后面会用到如下的几个属性,因此最好知道下,这些属性是何时以及在那里赋值的。
1、group:workerGroup保存在 ServerBootstrap对象的childGroup属性上。 bossGroup保存在ServerBootstrap对象的group属性上
2、channelFactory:BootstrapChannelFactory类的对象(clazz属性为:NioServerSocketChannel.class)
3、handler:SimpleServerHandler
4、childHandler
5、option
6、childOption