WinCE数据通讯之Web Service篇

      准备写个WinCE平台与数据库服务器数据通讯交互方面的专题文章，今天先整理个Web Service通讯方式。

      公司目前的硬件产品平台是WinCE5.0，数据通讯是连接服务器与终端的桥梁，关系着终端的数据能否准确及时高效抵达服务器，是整个项目成败的关键。原先公司有同事用VC写过一个程序用Socket进行数据通讯，但一直问题不断。年前我开始探索用SqlCE与SqlServer数据同步方式进行数据上传与下载，通讯已经正常稳定。这方面的文章后续再整理。

     Web Service用于PC间通讯的文章网上有很多，但用于WinCE平台调用的经验总结并不多见。Web Service的程序编写与配置调用相对来讲比较简单，Visual Studio里直接新建一个“Asp.net web 服务应用程序”就可以创建一个web Service项目了。其中的代码根据实际需求编写就行，这方面就不详述了。

      终端设备是通过GPRS来进行数据传输的，因此，数据流量是非常重要的问题，应当尽可能少的减少数据传输，流量可是Money，压缩技术是关键。Google大法，找到了一款物美价廉的东东-Ihttp://www.icsharpcode.net/OpenSource/SharpZipLib/Default.aspx 所谓物美是这款代码支持Dot net CF平台，所谓价廉是这款代码完全开源免费。

      操刀开工。。。先建一个直接返回DataSet集的Web Service服务

       private SqlConnection Conn;
       private string ConnString = "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa;";
dataConnection#region dataConnection
        private DataSet GetNorthwindDataSet()
        {
            return ExecuteSql("select * from Employees");
        }

        private DataSet ExecuteSql(string mysql)
        {
            DataSet dataSet = new DataSet();
            SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(mysql, this.Conn);
            try
            {
                if (this.Conn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
                {
                    this.Conn.Open();
                }
                adapter.Fill(dataSet, "table");
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(exception.Message);
                HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
            }
            finally
            {
                if ((this.Conn != null) && (this.Conn.State == ConnectionState.Open))
                {
                    this.Conn.Close();
                }
                adapter.Dispose();
            }
            return dataSet;
        }
        #endregion
 //方法一:直接返回 DataSet 对象
        [WebMethod(Description = "直接返回 DataSet 对象。")]
        public DataSet GetDataSet()
        {
            DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet();
            return dataSet;
        }

      建立一个智能设备应用程序，添加Web引用，我这里用的是静态引用，没有用动态引用的原因是，试过网上的动态生成WebService引用的代码，效率远比静态引用要低很多，考虑终端设备资源的有限性，还是用的静态引用。建立好项目后在界面上添加一个button和datagrid控件，添加代码：

 private webSer.Service1 ws;
        private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ws = new DeviceApplication1.webSer.Service1();
        }
        //webmethod直接返回dataset
        private void btnDataSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = null;
                DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now;
                DataSet ds = ws.GetDataSet();
                DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now;
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，绑定数据耗时：{1}，数据量：{2}", 
                    dtDown - dtBegin, DateTime.Now - dtDown, ds.GetXml().Length));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }

      连接好终端设备，测试点击按钮，几秒后DataGrid表格正确显示数据，OK，说明WinCE已经能够正确调用Web Service了。如果不能正确调用，检察WebService发布与Web引用是否正确，数据库配置是否正确。

      接下来就是要把数据进行压缩了，压缩前要进行数据的序列化，序列化代码如下：

/**//// <summary>
        /// 序列化数据成byte[]
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o">未序列化的数据</param>
        /// <returns>返回序列化后的byte[]数组</returns>
        public static byte[] byteXmlSerializer(object o)
        {
            if (o == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
            }
            try
            {
                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer ser = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
                System.IO.MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream();
                System.Xml.XmlTextWriter writer = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(mem, Encoding.Default);
                ser.Serialize(writer, o);
                writer.Close();
                return mem.ToArray();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }
 /**//// <summary>
        /// 反序列化数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="input">序列化后的数据</param>
        /// <param name="type">被序列化的数据类型</param>
        /// <returns>返回反序列化后的object数据</returns>
        public static object objXmlDeserialize(byte[] input, Type type)
        {
            if (input == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
            }
            try
            {
                XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(type);
                StreamReader stmRead = new StreamReader(new MemoryStream(input), System.Text.Encoding.Default);
                return mySerializer.Deserialize(stmRead);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

      ICSharpCode提供了多种数据压缩的方式，我这里测试了四种方式：BZip，Deflate，GZip，Zip

private static int buffSize = 2048;//指定压缩块缓存的大小，一般为2048的倍数
  /**//// <summary>
        /// BZIP2压缩数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="input">原始未压缩数据</param>
        /// <returns>压缩后的byte[]数据</returns>
       public static byte[] BZipCompress(byte[] input)
        {
            if (input == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
            }
            try
            {
                //int buffSize = 2048;//指定压缩块的大小，一般为2048的倍数
                using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    using (MemoryStream inmsStrm = new MemoryStream(input))
                    {
                        BZip2.Compress(inmsStrm, outmsStrm, buffSize);
                    }
                    return outmsStrm.ToArray();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 解压缩BZIP2数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="input">被BZIP2压缩过的byte[]数据</param>
        /// <returns>解压后的byte[]数据</returns>
        public static byte[] BZipDeCompress(byte[] input)
        {
            if (input == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
            }
            try
            {
                using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    using (MemoryStream inmsStrm = new MemoryStream(input))
                    {
                        BZip2.Decompress(inmsStrm, outmsStrm);
                    }
                    return outmsStrm.ToArray();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw (ex);
            }
        }
       /**//// <summary>
        /// 压缩Deflater数据
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="input">待压缩byte[]数据</param>
       /// <returns>返回压缩后的byte[]</returns>
       public static byte[] DeflaterCompress(byte[] input)
       {
           if (input == null)
           {
               throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
           }
           try
           {
               Deflater mDeflater = new Deflater(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION);
               //int buffSize = 2048;//131072 buff size
               using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
               {
                   using (DeflaterOutputStream mStream = new DeflaterOutputStream(outmsStrm, mDeflater, buffSize))
                   {
                       mStream.Write(input, 0, input.Length);
                   }
                   return outmsStrm.ToArray();
               }
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
               throw (ex);
           }
       }
      
       /**//// <summary>
       /// 解压缩Deflater数据
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="input">压缩过的byte[]数据</param>
       /// <returns>解压后的byte[]数据</returns>
       public static byte[] DeflaterDeCompress(byte[] input)
        {
            if (input == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
            }
            try
            {
                Int32 mSize;
                //int buffSize = 2048;
                byte[] buff = new byte[buffSize];
                using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    using (InflaterInputStream mStream = new InflaterInputStream(new MemoryStream(input)))
                    {
                        while (true)
                        {
                            mSize = mStream.Read(buff, 0, buff.Length);
                            if (mSize > 0)
                            {
                                outmsStrm.Write(buff, 0, mSize);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return outmsStrm.ToArray();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw (ex);
            }
        }
       /**//// <summary>
       /// GZIP压缩
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="input">未压缩的数据</param>
       /// <returns>GZIP压缩后的数据</returns>
       public static byte[] GZipCompress(byte[] input)
       {
           if (input == null)
           {
               throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
           }
           try
           {
               using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
               {
                   using (GZipOutputStream gzip = new GZipOutputStream(outmsStrm))
                   {
                       gzip.Write(input, 0, input.Length);
                   }
                   return outmsStrm.ToArray();
               }
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
               throw (ex);
           }
       }
       /**//// <summary>
       /// GZIP解压缩
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="input">压缩过的数据</param>
       /// <returns>解压后的数据</returns>
       public static byte[] GZipDeCompress(byte[] input)
       {
           if (input == null)
           {
               throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
           }
           try
           {
               using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
               {
                   using (GZipInputStream gzip = new GZipInputStream(new MemoryStream(input)))
                   {
                       Int32 mSize;
                       //int buffSize = 2048;
                       byte[] buff = new byte[buffSize];
                       while (true)
                       {
                           mSize = gzip.Read(buff, 0, buffSize);
                           if (mSize > 0)
                           {
                               outmsStrm.Write(buff, 0, mSize);
                           }
                           else
                           {
                               break;
                           }
                       }
                   }
                   return outmsStrm.ToArray();
               }
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
               throw (ex);
           }
       }
       /**//// <summary>
       /// ZIP压缩数据
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="input">待压缩的数据</param>
       /// <returns>ZIP压缩后的数据</returns>
       public static byte[] ZipCompress(byte[] input)
       {
           if (input == null)
           {
               throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
           }
           try
           {
               using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
               {
                   using (ZipOutputStream zipStrm = new ZipOutputStream(outmsStrm))
                   {
                       ZipEntry zn = new ZipEntry("znName");
                       zipStrm.PutNextEntry(zn);
                       zipStrm.Write(input, 0, input.Length);
                   }
                   return outmsStrm.ToArray();
               }
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
               throw (ex);
           }
       }
       /**//// <summary>
       /// ZIP解压缩数据
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="input">压缩过的数据</param>
       /// <returns>解压后的数据</returns>
       public static byte[] ZipDeCompress(byte[] input)
       {
           if (input == null)
           {
               throw new ArgumentNullException("null input");
           }
           try
           {
               using (MemoryStream outmsStrm = new MemoryStream())
               {
                   using (ZipInputStream zipStrm = new ZipInputStream(new MemoryStream(input)))
                   {
                       Int32 mSize;
                       //int buffSize = 2048;
                       byte[] buff = new byte[buffSize];
                       ZipEntry zn = new ZipEntry("znName");
                       while ((zn = zipStrm.GetNextEntry()) != null)
                       {
                           while (true)
                           {
                               mSize = zipStrm.Read(buff, 0, buffSize);
                               if (mSize > 0)
                               {
                                   outmsStrm.Write(buff, 0, mSize);
                               }
                               else
                               {
                                   break;
                               }
                           }

                       }
                   }
                   return outmsStrm.ToArray();
               }
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
               throw (ex);
           }
       }

添加WebService服务

 //方法二：返回 DataSet 对象用序列化后的byte[]字节数组
        [WebMethod(Description = "返回 DataSet 对象用序列化后的byte[]字节数组。")]
        public byte[] GetDataSetBytes()
        {
            DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet();
            return ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet);
        }

        //方法三返回 DataSet对象用序列化并Bzip压缩后的byte[]字节数组
        [WebMethod(Description = "返回 DataSet对象用序列化并Bzip压缩后的byte[]字节数组。")]
        public byte[] GetBZiipCompress()
        {
            DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet();
            byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet);
            byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.BZipCompress(ser);
            return zip;
        }
        [WebMethod(Description = "返回Deflater压缩")]
        public byte[] GetDeflaterCompress()
        {
            DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet();
            byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet);
            //byte[] ser = ZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet);
            byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.DeflaterCompress(ser);
            return zip;
        }
        [WebMethod(Description = "返回Gzip压缩")]
        public byte[] GetGZipCompress()
        {
            DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet();
            byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet);
            byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.GZipCompress(ser);
            return zip;
        }
        [WebMethod(Description = "返回Zip压缩")]
        public byte[] GetZipCompress()
        {
            DataSet dataSet = GetNorthwindDataSet();
            byte[] ser = ComZipClass.zip.byteXmlSerializer(dataSet);
            byte[] zip = ComZipClass.zip.ZipCompress(ser);
            return zip;
        }

 添加终端设备调用

//webmethod序列化数据
        private void btnSerial_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = null;
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] datas = ws.GetDataSetBytes();
                DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now;

                ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(datas, typeof(DataSet));
                DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now;
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压序列化数据耗时：{1}，绑定数据耗时：{2}，数据量：{3}",
                dtDown - dtBegin,dtSerial-dtDown, DateTime.Now - dtDown, datas.Length));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
        //序列化并压缩BZIP后数据
        private void btnBZip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = null;
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] datas = ws.GetBZiipCompress();
                DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.BZipDeCompress(datas);
                DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now;
                ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet));
                DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now;
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                 MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压BZIP耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}",
                dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
        //序列化并压缩Deflate后数据
        private void btnDeflater_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = null;
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] datas = ws.GetDeflaterCompress();
                DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.DeflaterDeCompress(datas);
                DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now;
                ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet));
                DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now;
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压Deflater耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}",
               dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
        //序列化并压缩GZIP后数据
        private void btnGZip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = null;
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] datas = ws.GetGZipCompress();
                DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.GZipDeCompress(datas);
                DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now;
                ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet));
                DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now;
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压GZIP耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}",
               dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
        //序列化并压缩ZIP后数据
        private void btnZip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = null;
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                DateTime dtBegin = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] datas = ws.GetZipCompress();
                DateTime dtDown = DateTime.Now;
                byte[] uzip = ComZipClass.zip.ZipDeCompress(datas);
                DateTime dtUnzip = DateTime.Now;
                ds = (DataSet)ComZipClass.zip.objXmlDeserialize(uzip, typeof(DataSet));
                DateTime dtSerial = DateTime.Now;
                this.dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                MessageBox.Show(string.Format("下载耗时：{0}，解压ZIP耗时：{1}，解压序列化耗时：{2}，绑定数据耗时：{3}，数据量：{4}",
               dtDown - dtBegin, dtUnzip - dtDown, dtSerial - dtUnzip, DateTime.Now - dtSerial, datas.Length));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }

 几个测试压缩数据dataset :268128;serial:269199;bzip:94561;Deflater:107049;gzip:108276;zip:108408;