RMAN恢复实践
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 964.65M DISK 00:02:07 19-SEP-13
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130919T011640
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 838482 19-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/system01.dbf
2 Full 838482 19-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 838482 19-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 838482 19-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:08 19-SEP-13
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130919T011640
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130919T011640_93odvkkc_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 19-SEP-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: AUGUST
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 838535 Ckp time: 19-SEP-13
2. 归档当前日志
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select sequence#,first_change#,next_change# ,archived from v$archived_log;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE# ARCHIV
---------- ------------- ------------ ------
2 757280 767227 YES
3 767227 780016 YES
4 780016 811911 YES
5 811911 835483 YES
6 835483 840784 YES
3. 在新的日志文件中，进行DML操作。
SQL> create table scott.rman_test1(id int,name char(10));
SQL> select * from scott.rman_test1;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 log1
1 log1
1 log1
1 log1
1 log1
1 log1
将表scott.rman_test1操作日志归档。
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select sequence#,first_change#,next_change# from v$archived_log;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------- ------------
......
6 835483 840784
7 840784 841197
在新的日志中，进行scott.rman_test2的创建，不对此日志归档，log sequence 8.
SQL> create table scott.rman_test2 as select table_name from user_tables;
此时在线日志8中有rman_test2,归档日志7中有rman_test1.
4. 使用rman进行不完整恢复到归档日志7.
注：rman restore操作需要在mount下进行，不然会报错。
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 19-SEP-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=44 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 09/19/2013 20:38:42
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp
ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 1
关闭数据库，启动到mount
RMAN> shutdown immediate /*RMAN下可以进行shutdown, startup命令*/
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup mount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1336960 bytes
Variable Size 322963840 bytes
Database Buffers 92274688 bytes
Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes
查看备份集信息概要。
RMAN> list backup summary;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
1 B F A DISK 19-SEP-13 1 1 NO TAG20130919T011640
2 B F A DISK 19-SEP-13 1 1 NO TAG20130919T011640
恢复备份文件
-rw-r-----. 1 Oracle oinstall 9830400 Sep 19 01:18 o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130919T011640_93odvkkc_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 Oracle oinstall 1011515392 Sep 19 01:18 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 19-SEP-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp tag=TAG20130919T011640
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:45
Finished restore at 19-SEP-13
介质恢复（相当于db2中的前滚操作）
RMAN> recover database until;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found ";": expecting one of: "scn, sequence, time"
RMAN-01007: at line 1 column 23 file: standard input
可以看出RMAN中recover database until 后面可以按三种方式前滚(SCN,SEQUENCE,TIME).
这里我们按照sequence方式恢复（前滚）。
查看归档日志情况。
RMAN> list archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name AUGUST
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
1 1 2 A 15-SEP-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_15/o1_mf_1_2_93cc8thy_.arc
2 1 3 A 15-SEP-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_15/o1_mf_1_3_93ck0mxm_.arc
3 1 4 A 15-SEP-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_16/o1_mf_1_4_93ftwxqj_.arc
4 1 5 A 16-SEP-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_5_93o9xt7k_.arc
5 1 6 A 19-SEP-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_6_93qgls17_.arc
6 1 7 A 19-SEP-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_7_93qh7sqx_.arc
前滚恢复。
RMAN> recover database until sequence 7;
Starting recover at 19-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 6 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_6_93qgls17_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_6_93qgls17_.arc thread=1 sequence=6
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
Finished recover at 19-SEP-13
/*好像只恢复到log 7就停止了*/
RMAN> recover database until sequence 8;
Starting recover at 19-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_7_93qh7sqx_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_7_93qh7sqx_.arc thread=1 sequence=7
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 19-SEP-13
/*看来需要指定到需要日志的下一个sequence*/
察看当前日志情况。
SQL> select sequence#,archived,status,first_change#,next_change# from v$log;
SEQUENCE# ARCHIV STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#
---------- ------ -------------------------------- ------------- ------------
7 YES INACTIVE 840784 841197
6 YES INACTIVE 835483 840784
8 NO CURRENT 841197 2.8147E+14
我们采用不完全恢复，不应用8号日志，直接打开数据库。
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
数据库完成恢复，由于是resetlogs模式打开的，查看当前日志状态。
SQL> select sequence#,archived,status,first_change#,next_change# from v$log;
SEQUENCE# ARCHIV STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#
---------- ------ -------------------------------- ------------- ------------
1 NO CURRENT 841198 2.8147E+14
0 YES UNUSED 0 0
0 YES UNUSED 0 0
日志被reset从1号开始了。
看到恢复后的用户表情况。
SQL> select table_name from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_TEST1
T_C
T_P
SALGRADE
BONUS
EMP
DEPT
看到RMAN_TEST1表已经被恢复回来了。但是里面没有数据，因为我们之前并没有commit这个插入。