• POJ 3613 Cow Relays (floyd + 快速幂)


    Cow Relays
    Time Limit: 1000MS   Memory Limit: 65536K
    Total Submissions: 4395   Accepted: 1748

    Description

    For their physical fitness program, N (2 ≤ N ≤ 1,000,000) cows have decided to run a relay race using the T (2 ≤ T ≤ 100) cow trails throughout the pasture.

    Each trail connects two different intersections (1 ≤ I1i ≤ 1,000; 1 ≤ I2i ≤ 1,000), each of which is the termination for at least two trails. The cows know the lengthi of each trail (1 ≤ lengthi  ≤ 1,000), the two intersections the trail connects, and they know that no two intersections are directly connected by two different trails. The trails form a structure known mathematically as a graph.

    To run the relay, the N cows position themselves at various intersections (some intersections might have more than one cow). They must position themselves properly so that they can hand off the baton cow-by-cow and end up at the proper finishing place.

    Write a program to help position the cows. Find the shortest path that connects the starting intersection (S) and the ending intersection (E) and traverses exactly N cow trails.

    Input

    * Line 1: Four space-separated integers: NTS, and E
    * Lines 2..T+1: Line i+1 describes trail i with three space-separated integers: lengthi , I1i , and I2i

    Output

    * Line 1: A single integer that is the shortest distance from intersection S to intersection E that traverses exactly N cow trails.

    Sample Input

    2 6 6 4
    11 4 6
    4 4 8
    8 4 9
    6 6 8
    2 6 9
    3 8 9

    Sample Output

    10

    Source

     
     

    本题的大意就是问从S 到 T 经过边得个数恰为k的最短路是多少。

    参考国家队集训论文 08年的  矩阵乘法在信息学中的应用

    01邻接矩阵A的K次方C=A^K,C[i][j]表示i点到j点正好经过K条边的路径数

     对应于这道题,对邻接图进行K次floyd之后,C[i][j]就是点i到j正好经过K条边的最短路

    但是K次floyd难免复杂度太高了。 所以可以使用快速幂的方法,二分的往上求解

    题意:

    求从一个点s 到 一点 e 经过 n 条边的最短路经是多少(可以有重边):

    看到很难多解题报告说的是n 个点 ,其实,n 条边 应该是 n - 1 个点 

    题解:

    我们知道线性代数中有:在只 含有 01邻接矩阵 AK次 方C=A^KC[i][j]表示i点到j点正好经过K条边的路径数。
    而floyd则是每次使用一个中间点k去更新i,j之间的距离,那么更新成功表示i,j之间恰有一个点k时的最短路,如果做N - 1次floyd那么不就是i,j之间借助N - 1 个点时的最短路了

    当 c[i][j] > a[i][k] + a[k][j]  则更新

    第二次将c[i][j]拷贝回到a[i][j]当中,并将c[i][j]重新置为INF,再做一次,则是在原来的基础上在i,j之间再用一个点k来松弛,这时候i,j之间实际上已经是两个点了,

    但是这个题的   n (边数太大)我们要用到 倍增法,其实即使 二分思想  例如  经过 5  条边 把  (4 个点)  ==  两个 2 条边的  松驰一次 ;

    #include<iostream>
    #include<cstdio>
    #include<cstring>
    #include<map>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    int N,T,S,E,num;
    map<int,int> mp;
    
    struct Matrix{
        int ma[210][210];
        void clear(){
            memset(ma,0x3f,sizeof(ma)); //初始化一定要大,否则WA
        }
    };
    
    Matrix Floyd(Matrix a,Matrix b){
        Matrix dis;
        dis.clear();
        int i,j,k;
        for(k=1;k<=num;k++) //一次floyd  是找到一个中间点
            for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
                for(j=1;j<=num;j++)
                    if(dis.ma[i][j]>a.ma[i][k]+b.ma[k][j])
                        dis.ma[i][j]=a.ma[i][k]+b.ma[k][j];
        return dis;
    }
    
    Matrix Solve(Matrix a,int k){
        Matrix ans=a;
        while(k){
            if(k&1){
                ans=Floyd(ans,a);
            }
            a=Floyd(a,a);
            k>>=1;
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    int main(){
    
        //freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
    
        Matrix a;
        while(~scanf("%d%d%d%d",&N,&T,&S,&E)){
            num=0;
            mp.clear();
            a.clear();
            int u,v,w;
            while(T--){
                scanf("%d%d%d",&w,&u,&v);
                if(mp[u]==0)
                    mp[u]=++num;
                if(mp[v]==0)
                    mp[v]=++num;
                if(a.ma[mp[u]][mp[v]]>w)
                    a.ma[mp[u]][mp[v]]=a.ma[mp[v]][mp[u]]=w;
            }   
            a=Solve(a,N-1);     // N 条边  ,经过 N-1 个点 
            printf("%d\n",a.ma[mp[S]][mp[E]]);
        }
        return 0;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jackge/p/3072407.html
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