django-rest-framework笔记-请求与响应篇

一、请求对象

request.POST  # 处理表单数据.  限于POST请求.
request.data  # 处理任意数据.  对 'POST', 'PUT' and 'PATCH' 方法.

二、响应对象

return Response(data) #根据内容渲染制定类型

三、状态码

REST框架为每个状态码(status code)提供更明确的标识符，例如在状态(status)模型中的HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST

四、装饰API视图

1.@api_view用于视图的方法上
2.APIView 基于视图类上

snippets/views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
# Create your views here.

from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer

@api_view(["GET", "POST"])
def snippet_list(request, format=None):
    """
    List all code snippets, or create a new snippet.
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'POST':
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

@api_view(["GET", "PUT", "DELETE"])
def snippet_detail(request, pk, format=None):
    """
    Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet.
    """
    try:
        snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

    if request.method == 'GET':
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'PUT':
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    elif request.method == 'DELETE':
        snippet.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

snippets/urls.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
from django.conf.urls import url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^snippets/$', views.snippet_list),
    url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.snippet_detail),
]

urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

五、测试

# http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Allow: POST, OPTIONS, GET
Content-Length: 225
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2017 14:58:53 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.1 Python/2.7.12
Vary: Accept, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

[
    {
        "code": "foo = "bar"
",
        "id": 1,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    },
    {
        "code": "print "Hello, Django-restframework"
",
        "id": 2,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    }
]

http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/ Accept:application/json  # Request JSON
http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/ Accept:text/html         # Request HTML
http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets.json  # JSON suffix
http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets.api   # Browsable API suffix

# POST using form data
http --form POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/ code="print 123"

{
  "id": 3,
  "title": "",
  "code": "print 123",
  "linenos": false,
  "language": "python",
  "style": "friendly"
}

# POST using JSON
http --json POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/ code="print 456"

{
    "id": 4,
    "title": "",
    "code": "print 456",
    "linenos": false,
    "language": "python",
    "style": "friendly"
}