• ftp服务


    目录

    1 install
    2 anonymous_user
    3 lcoal_user
    4 iptables
    5 log
    6 virtual_user
    --end-- vsftpd.conf

    1 install

    yum install -y vsftpd
    [root@mysql1 ~]# ll /etc/vsftpd/
    total 20
    -rw------- 1 root root  125 Mar 22  2017 ftpusers
    -rw------- 1 root root  361 Mar 22  2017 user_list
    -rw------- 1 root root 4625 Jun 11 11:11 vsftpd.conf
    -rwxr--r-- 1 root root  338 Mar 22  2017 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
    

      

    2 anonymous_user

    在vsftpd.conf里有对匿名用户的配置选项。全部配置为YES,匿名用户就可以使用ftp。(重启vsftpd生效)

    anonymous_enable=YES
    #默认为YES,就是匿名用户有读权限
    anon_upload_enable=YES
    anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    #上传,写入权限。开这两个,可以上传文件,但不能删
    anon_other_write_enable=YES
    #其他权限,如删除、重命名文件
    

      

    3 lcoal_user

    比如在web服务器上,按照权限最小化原则,不允许网站开发人员登录服务器,他们只需要得到/www目录的所有权限。把这个目录配置成ftp,然后给几个特定的访问账户就行。

    anonymous_enable=NO
    anon_upload_enable=NO
    anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
    anon_other_write_enable=NO
    #要指定账户,所以匿名登录禁止掉
    local_enable=YES
    #本地账户可登录
    local_root=/www
    chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    #设定本地用户的根目录,设定ftp可登录的账户列表(把账户写入文件)
    
    chmod -R o+w /www
    #给ftp账户目录权限
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin team1
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin team2
    echo '123456'|passwd --stdin team1
    echo '123456'|passwd --stdin team2
    #创建本地账户,设定登录shell为/sbin/nologin
    

      

    4 iptables

    ftp的管理端口是21,数据端口是20。在默认模式下,如果只是给这两个端口开防火墙,会发现只能登录而无法操作。

    FTP支持两种模式,一种方式叫做Standard (也就是 PORT方式,主动方式),一种是 Passive (也就是PASV,被动方式)。 Standard模式 FTP的客户端发送 PORT 命令到FTP服务器。Passive模式FTP的客户端发送 PASV命令到 FTP Server。
     PORT 和 PASV的简单区别如下:
     Port模式FTP 客户端首先和FTP服务器的TCP 21端口建立连接,通过这个通道发送命令,客户端需要接收数据的时候在这个通道上发送PORT命令。 PORT命令包含了客户端用什么端口接收数据。在传送数据的时候,服务器端通过自己的TCP 20端口连接至客户端的指定端口发送数据。 FTP server必须和客户端建立一个新的连接用来传送数据。
     Passive模式在建立控制通道的时候和Standard模式类似,但建立连接后发送的不是Port命令,而是Pasv命令。FTP服务器收到 Pasv命令后,随机打开一个高端端口(端口号大于1024)并且通知客户端在这个端口上传送数据的请求,客户端连接FTP服务器此端口,然后FTP服务器将通过这个端口进行数据的传送,这个时候FTP server不再需要建立一个新的和客户端之间的连接。
     因为win机器上,linux的ftp客户端上,默认使用的是Passive(被动)模式,所以要连接Linux服务器大于1024端口,而防火墙并没有开发1024以上的端口,导致登录ftp服务器被防火墙阻止。
     
    所以要在配置里加上
    pasv_enable=YES
    pasv_min_port=50000
    pasv_max_port=59999
    #开启passive模式,设定传输的最小最大端口(注意业务上的端口规划,不要设在业务段)
     
    防火墙配置
    #local ftp
    /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 10.224.32.114 -p tcp -m multiport --dport 20,21 -j ACCEPT
    /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 10.224.32.34 -p tcp -m multiport --dport 20,21 -j ACCEPT
    /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 10.224.32.114 -p tcp  --dport 50000:59999 -j ACCEPT
    /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 10.224.32.34 -p tcp  --dport 50000:59999 -j ACCEPT
    

      

    5 log

    xferlog_enable=YES
    xferlog_std_format=YES
    xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
    #哪个用户在什么时间作了什么操作,都会记录
    

      

    6 virtual_user

    在local_user,账户实际上在linux系统里配置的。就是说要多少个用户就要useradd多少次。

    而virtual_user,在系统上只要加一个账户,ftp需要的账户都映射到这个账户上。

    不直接使用系统账号,安全性相对要高。

    --end-- vsftpd.conf

    #匿名用户禁止
    anonymous_enable=NO
    anon_upload_enable=NO
    anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
    anon_other_write_enable=NO
    #
    #用户&目录
    local_enable=YES
    local_root=/www
    chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    #
    #写入允许
    write_enable=YES
    #
    #写日志
    xferlog_enable=YES
    xferlog_std_format=YES
    xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
    #
    #passive模式
    pasv_enable=YES
    pasv_min_port=50000
    pasv_max_port=60000
    #
    #
    
    # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
    # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
    local_umask=022
    #
    #
    # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
    # go into a certain directory.
    dirmessage_enable=YES
    #
    # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
    connect_from_port_20=YES
    #
    # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
    # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
    # recommended!
    #chown_uploads=YES
    #chown_username=whoever
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
    #idle_session_timeout=600
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
    #data_connection_timeout=120
    #
    # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
    # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
    #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
    #
    # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
    # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
    # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
    #async_abor_enable=YES
    #
    # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
    # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
    # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
    # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
    # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
    # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
    # raw file.
    # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
    #ascii_upload_enable=YES
    #ascii_download_enable=YES
    #
    # You may fully customise the login banner string:
    #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
    #
    # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
    # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
    #deny_email_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
    #
    # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
    # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
    # users to NOT chroot().
    #chroot_local_user=YES
    #chroot_list_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #
    # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
    # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
    # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
    # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
    #ls_recurse_enable=YES
    #
    # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
    # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
    # with the listen_ipv6 directive.
    listen=YES
    #
    # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
    # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
    # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
    #listen_ipv6=YES
    
    pam_service_name=vsftpd
    userlist_enable=YES
    tcp_wrappers=YES
    

      

     

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jabbok/p/9164691.html
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