[13]Docekr09-实战 Docker版Django项目发布

目录

• Docker第三章:Docker版Django项目发布
  • docker版django项目发布过程
  • 推送镜像到阿里云
    • 腾讯云镜像加速
    • 阿里云镜像加速
    • 问题
  • 思考?

Docker第三章:Docker版Django项目发布

Django的运行是基于python的环境，加上django包。在docker中运行django，实现方式是从docker下载python镜像，然后安装django运行所依赖的包。
在docker仓库:https://store.docker.com/images/python?tab=description 中介绍pull镜像方式中有一种叫python:onbuild。 这种镜像创建方式根据项目中提供的
requirements.txt文件自动pip安装依赖包。大多数情况，通过python:onbuild能创建一个满足工程所需的独立镜像。

docker版django项目发布过程

• 查看Docker安装信息
  • 查看Docker版本,命令: docekr version
  • 查看Docker运行信息,命名 docker info
  • 检测安装是否正确,命令 docker run hello-world

• 新建django项目web01

下面的目录结构是一个普通的django项目案例,项目名为web01,app名为product.

注意:项目根目录创建了dockerfile,pip.conf, requirements.txt 三个文件

• 添加项目依赖
  首先我们需要把项目所依赖的包放到requirements.txt中：

PyMySQL==0.9.3
redis==3.2.1
request==2019.4.13
django==2.1.8

• 编写Dockerfile文件
  这种镜像创建方式会根据项目中提供的requirements.txt文件自动pip安装依赖包

FROM python:3.6.6
RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY pip.conf /root/.pip/pip.conf
COPY requirements.txt /usr/src/app/
RUN pip install -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt
RUN rm -rf /usr/src/app
COPY . /usr/src/app
CMD [ "python", "./manage.py", "runserver", "0.0.0.0:8000"]

说明:
FROM python3.6.6 指定Python版本
"0.0.0.0:8000" 指定开启容器中8000端口,下面开启容器就要映射到这个端口

• pip.conf
  这里是为了使用镜像 pip install 相关依赖，速度快的起飞

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

• requirements.txt

PyMySQL==0.9.3
redis==3.2.1
request==2019.4.13
django==2.1.8

没有必要逐一写依赖，使用如下命令可把本地虚拟环境中的所有包生成到项目中

pip freeze > requirements.txt

• 项目上传到云服务器(centos7)
  不用再自己手动创建虚拟环境,因为docker会自动去下载依赖.

• 构建镜像(默认从docker国外的远程库下载，速度很慢！一定先替换为国内的阿里软件源！ 替换步骤参考文章最后！)

# 注意后面的 . 不能省略
docker build -t my-django-web01:1.0 .

创建过程中会自动下载python3.6.6, 和所有依赖库,而且速度非常快

[root@zzy web01]# docker build -t my-django-web01 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  54.78kB
Step 1/9 : FROM python:3.6.6
 ---> 8256ec07b2ad
Step 2/9 : RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/app
 ---> Running in 87f01d9ff80c
Removing intermediate container 87f01d9ff80c
 ---> c94c6c192cda
Step 3/9 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Running in 67d9c429a314
Removing intermediate container 67d9c429a314
 ---> f17e814ab74a
Step 4/9 : COPY pip.conf /root/.pip/pip.conf
 ---> 680baa5b9db7
Step 5/9 : COPY requirements.txt /usr/src/app/
 ---> 14c058045c73
Step 6/9 : RUN pip install -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 63e1f177ec58
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting PyMySQL==0.9.3 (from -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47kB)
Collecting redis==3.2.1 (from -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB)
Collecting request==2019.4.13 (from -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/f1/27/7cbde262d854aedf217061a97020d66a63163c5c04e0ec02ff98c5d8f44e/request-2019.4.13.tar.gz
Collecting django==2.1.8 (from -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 4))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/a9/e4/fb8f473fe8ee659859cb712e25222243bbd55ece7c319301eeb60ccddc46/Django-2.1.8-py3-none-any.whl (7.3MB)
Collecting get (from request==2019.4.13->-r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/3f/ef/bb46f77f7220ac1b7edba0c76d810c89fddb24ddd8c08f337b9b4a618db7/get-2019.4.13.tar.gz
Collecting post (from request==2019.4.13->-r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/0f/05/bd79da5849ea6a92485ed7029ef97b1b75e55c26bc0ed3a7ec769af666f3/post-2019.4.13.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from request==2019.4.13->-r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 3)) (40.4.3)
Collecting pytz (from django==2.1.8->-r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 4))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/87/76/46d697698a143e05f77bec5a526bf4e56a0be61d63425b68f4ba553b51f2/pytz-2019.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (508kB)
Collecting query_string (from get->request==2019.4.13->-r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/12/3c/412a45daf5bea9b1d06d7de41787ec4168001dfa418db7ec8723356b119f/query-string-2019.4.13.tar.gz
Collecting public (from query_string->get->request==2019.4.13->-r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/54/4d/b40004cc6c07665e48af22cfe1e631f219bf4282e15fa76a5b6364f6885c/public-2019.4.13.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: request, get, post, query-string, public
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for request: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for request: finished with status 'done'
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/ad/4b/66/7bf43f82bfa3851488303afacbf3395920c7ffbc58590ee821
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for get: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for get: finished with status 'done'
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/18/a8/59/e2f913e2c643fdf74a309385c7580eab49fcfb3ce3ad7cb1ef
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for post: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for post: finished with status 'done'
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/24/1b/01/996d66d3933da0e348e148d7acb8b45819f826a984f63e9ff6
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for query-string: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for query-string: finished with status 'done'
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/33/a0/63/f6ce72127a7f2ce4829359e42ee446d32ea5cce39174f0c565
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for public: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for public: finished with status 'done'
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/d7/42/2a/fff89dc52788c2a6df5ec485e11ed38b5241a36b6e56fd4661
Successfully built request get post query-string public
Installing collected packages: PyMySQL, redis, public, query-string, get, post, request, pytz, django
Successfully installed PyMySQL-0.9.3 django-2.1.8 get-2019.4.13 post-2019.4.13 public-2019.4.13 pytz-2019.2 query-string-2019.4.13 redis-3.2.1 request-2019.4.13
You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Removing intermediate container 63e1f177ec58
 ---> 26f8e1d73b3d
Step 7/9 : RUN rm -rf /usr/src/app
 ---> Running in 942bac99b204
Removing intermediate container 942bac99b204
 ---> 34d443f6a5c8
Step 8/9 : COPY . /usr/src/app
 ---> a43a3648e6fd
Step 9/9 : CMD [ "python", "./manage.py", "runserver", "0.0.0.0:8000"]
 ---> Running in 42ed6ab00275
Removing intermediate container 42ed6ab00275
 ---> 334c7d9888bf
Successfully built 334c7d9888bf
Successfully tagged my-django-web01:latest
[root@zzy web01]#

• 开启容器

# 或者 http://120.79.197.130:8000（端口号随意映射，但要注意开启对应安全组）
docker run -it --rm -p 8000:8000 --name djweb01 my-django-web01:1.0

推送镜像到阿里云

官网参考: https://cr.console.aliyun.com/repository/cn-zhangjiakou/zhouzhengyang/myredis/details

• 在阿里云上创建镜像仓库
  我这里先创建了一个命名空间为xxx,然后再这个命名空间下创建镜像仓库my-django-web01
  

创建后，获得公网地址：registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/xxx/my-django-web01，按照操作指南做即可!

- 阿里官网步骤
https://cr.console.aliyun.com/repository/cn-zhangjiakou/xx/myredis/details
- 开通说明步骤
https://www.cnblogs.com/guanfuchang/p/10831383.html

# 1) 登录阿里云
docker login --username=[您当前阿里云用户名] registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

sudo docker login --username=xxxx@163.com registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com


# 2) 给本地镜像加标签
sudo docker tag my-django-web01:1.0 registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/xxx/my-django-web01:1.0
# 3) 推送到阿里远程库
sudo docker push registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/xxx/my-django-web01:1.0

# 4) 分享给别人下载
docker pull registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/xxx/my-django-web01:1.0

腾讯云镜像加速

使用 dockerfile buid 镜像的时候，镜像大小动不动就 800+ M，漫长的等待，使笔者切身感受到使用国内镜像下载相关依赖的重要性。 云服务器主要为腾讯云、阿里云，这里介绍两种方案
使用的 centos 服务器 这是最简单的，执行如下命令即可

#使用腾讯云dockerhub加速器适用于 Centos7 版本。
#修改 Docker 配置文件
vi /etc/sysconfig/docker
OPTIONS='--registry-mirror=https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com'
systemctl restart docker

阿里云镜像加速

获取加速地址

1. 阿里云开发者平台https://promotion.aliyun.com/ntms/act/kubernetes.html
2. 点击管理中心
   参考https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-zhangjiakou/instances/mirrors

3. 修改centos的配置

cd /etc/docker/
vi daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] # 填写上面获取的地址
}
#重新加载daemon
systemctl daemon-reload
#重启docker生效
systemctl restart docker

问题

无法访问

1. 修改 settings.py，允许其他 ip 访问

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

1. 配置安全组

思考?

• 当我们输入网址到访问到docker容器中的项目,能说出解析过程么?
• 平常我们项目发布环境是django+uwsgi+nginx docker应该如何操作?
• 你能说出dockerfile的作用么?