官方安装文档可以参考 https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/install-kubeadm/
第一步:安装docker
所有节点都需要安装docker
每个节点都需要使docker开机自启
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo [root@ken ~]# yum install docker-ce -y [root@ken ~]# mkdir /etc/docker [root@ken ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { "registry-mirrors": ["https://XXX.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } [root@ken ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@ken ~]# systemctl enable docker
第二步:配置k8s的yum文件
[k8s]
name=k8s
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
第三步:安装 kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl(所有节点执行)
kubelet 运行在 Cluster 所有节点上,负责启动 Pod 和容器。
kubeadm 用于初始化 Cluster。
kubectl 是 Kubernetes 命令行工具。通过 kubectl 可以部署和管理应用,查看各种资源,创建、删除和更新各种组件。
[root@ken ~]# yum install kubelet kubeadm kubectl -y
第四步:启动kubelet
此时,还不能启动kubelet,因为此时配置还不能,现在仅仅可以设置开机自启动
[root@ken ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
用 kubeadm 创建 Cluster
第一步:环境准备(各个节点都需要执行下面的操作master,node)
1.CPU数量至少两个否则会报错
2. 主机名必须解析
[root@ken ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.20.10.2 ken
172.20.10.7 host1
172.20.10.9 host2
3.要保证打开内置的桥功能,这个是借助于iptables来实现的
需要安装docker才会成/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
[root@ken ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
4. 需要禁止各个节点启用swap,如果启用了swap,那么kubelet就无法启动
[root@ken ~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vm.swappiness = 0
[root@ken ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 991 151 365 7 475 674
Swap: 0 0 0
5.关闭防火墙和selinux
第二步:初始化master
1.13.1版本可能太老了,在初始化的时候可以选择更高的版本,例如:1.15.1
[root@ken ~]# kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.15.1 --apiserver-advertise-address 172.20.10.2 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
–image-repository string:这个用于指定从什么位置来拉取镜像(1.13版本才有的),默认值是k8s.gcr.io,我们将其指定为国内镜像地址:registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
–kubernetes-version string:指定kubenets版本号,默认值是stable-1,会导致从https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt下载最新的版本号,我们可以将其指定为固定版本(v1.15.1)来跳过网络请求。
–apiserver-advertise-address 指明用 Master 的哪个 interface 与 Cluster 的其他节点通信。如果 Master 有多个 interface,建议明确指定,如果不指定,kubeadm 会自动选择有默认网关的 interface。
–pod-network-cidr指定 Pod 网络的范围。Kubernetes 支持多种网络方案,而且不同网络方案对 –pod-network-cidr有自己的要求,这里设置为10.244.0.0/16 是因为我们将使用 flannel 网络方案,必须设置成这个 CIDR。
补充flannel网络介绍
看到下面的输出就表示你的集群创建成功了
[root@ken ~]# kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.15.1 --apiserver-advertise-address 172.20.10.2 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.15.1
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join 172.20.10.2:6443 --token rn816q.zj0crlasganmrzsr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e339e4dbf6bd1323c13e794760fff3cbeb7a3f6f42b71d4cb3cffdde72179903
如果初始化失败,请使用如下代码清除后重新初始化
# kubeadm reset
# ifconfig cni0 down
# ip link delete cni0
# ifconfig flannel.1 down
# ip link delete flannel.1
# rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
# rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/*
docker初始化成功下载的镜像
[root@ken ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.13.1 fdb321fd30a0 6 weeks ago 80.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.13.1 26e6f1db2a52 6 weeks ago 146MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.13.1 40a63db91ef8 6 weeks ago 181MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.13.1 ab81d7360408 6 weeks ago 79.6MB
tomcat latest 48dd385504b1 7 weeks ago 475MB
memcached latest 8230c836a4b3 2 months ago 62.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.2.6 f59dcacceff4 2 months ago 40MB
busybox latest 59788edf1f3e 3 months ago 1.15MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.2.24 3cab8e1b9802 4 months ago 220MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 13 months ago 742kB
第三步:配置kubectl
kubectl 是管理 Kubernetes Cluster 的命令行工具,前面我们已经在所有的节点安装了 kubectl。Master 初始化完成后需要做一些配置工作,然后 kubectl 就能使用了。
[root@ken ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@ken ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@ken ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
为了使用更便捷,启用 kubectl 命令的自动补全功能。
[root@ken ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
现在kubectl可以使用了
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
第四步:安装pod网络
要让 Kubernetes Cluster 能够工作,必须安装 Pod 网络,否则 Pod 之间无法通信。
Kubernetes 支持多种网络方案,这里我们先使用 flannel
[root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
每个节点启动kubelet
[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart kubelet
等镜像下载完成以后,看到node的状态是ready了
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
ken Ready master 17m v1.13.2
此时,就可以看到pod信息了
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-78d4cf999f-dbxpc 1/1 Running 0 19m
coredns-78d4cf999f-q9vq2 1/1 Running 0 19m
etcd-ken 1/1 Running 0 18m
kube-apiserver-ken 1/1 Running 0 18m
kube-controller-manager-ken 1/1 Running 0 18m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-fd8mv 1/1 Running 0 3m26s
kube-proxy-gwmr2 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-scheduler-ken 1/1 Running 0 18m
添加 k8s-node1 和 k8s-node2
第一步:环境准备
1.node节点关闭防火墙和selinux
2.禁用swap
3. 解析主机名
4.启动内核功能
启动kubeket
只需要设置为开机自启动就可以了
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
第二步:添加nodes
这里的–token 来自前面kubeadm init输出提示,如果当时没有记录下来可以通过kubeadm token list 查看。
kubeadm join 172.20.10.2:6443 --token rn816q.zj0crlasganmrzsr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e339e4dbf6bd1323c13e794760fff3cbeb7a3f6f42b71d4cb3cffdde72179903
输出如下的信息
[root@host2 ~]# kubeadm join 172.20.10.2:6443 --token rn816q.zj0crlasganmrzsr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e339e4dbf6bd1323c13e794760fff3cbeb7a3f6f42b71d4cb3cffdde72179903
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.1. Latest validated version: 18.06
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "172.20.10.2:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://172.20.10.2:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://172.20.10.2:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "172.20.10.2:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "172.20.10.2:6443"
[join] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[join] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.13" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "host2" as an annotation
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
第三步:查看nodes
根据上面最后一行的输出信息提示查看nodes
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
host1 NotReady <none> 2m54s v1.13.2
host2 NotReady <none> 2m16s v1.13.2
ken Ready master 38m v1.13.2
这里其实需要等一会,这个node1节点才会变成Ready状态,因为node节点需要下载四个镜像flannel coredns kube-proxy pause
过了一会查看节点状态
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
host1 Ready <none> 4m15s v1.13.2
host2 Ready <none> 3m37s v1.13.2
ken Ready master 39m v1.13.2
补充:移除NODE节点的方法
第一步:先将节点设置为维护模式(host1是节点名称)
[root@ken ~]# kubectl drain host1 --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsets
node/host1 cordoned
WARNING: Ignoring DaemonSet-managed pods: kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ssqcl, kube-proxy-7cnsr
node/host1 drained
第二步:然后删除节点
[root@ken ~]# kubectl delete node host1
node "host1" deleted
第三步:查看节点
发现host1节点已经被删除了
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
host2 Ready <none> 13m v1.13.2
ken Ready master 49m v1.13.2
如果这个时候再想添加进来这个node,需要执行两步操作
第一步:停掉kubelet(需要添加进来的节点操作)
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl stop kubelet
第二步:删除相关文件
[root@host1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/*
第三步:添加节点
[root@host1 ~]# kubeadm join 172.20.10.2:6443 --token rn816q.zj0crlasganmrzsr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e339e4dbf6bd1323c13e794760fff3cbeb7a3f6f42b71d4cb3cffdde72179903
第四步:查看节点
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
host1 Ready <none> 13s v1.13.2
host2 Ready <none> 17m v1.13.2
ken Ready master 53m v1.13.2
忘掉token再次添加进k8s集群
第一步:主节点执行命令
获取token
[root@ken-master ~]# kubeadm token list
TOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPS
ojxdod.fb7tqipat46yp8ti 10h 2019-05-06T04:55:42+08:00 authentication,signing The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'. system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
第二步: 获取ca证书sha256编码hash值
[root@ken-master ~]# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
2f8888cdb01191ff6dbca0edb02dbb21a14469028e4ff2598854a4544c5fa751
第三步:从节点执行如下的命令
[root@ken-node1 ~]# systemctl stop kubelet
第四步:删除相关文件
[root@ken-node1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/*
第五步:加入集群
指定主节点IP,端口是6443
在生成的证书前有sha256:
[root@ken-node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.64.10:6443 --token ojxdod.fb7tqipat46yp8ti --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2f8888cdb01191ff6dbca0edb02dbb21a14469028e4ff2598854a4544c5fa751
master节点上运行的服务
1.api-server
2.schedule
3.控制器管理器
4.etcd
5.pod网络–fannel
node节点上运行的服务
1.kubelet 是k8s集群当中唯一一个不是以容器运行的客户端
2.kube-proxy
3.pod
运行pod有两种方式
1.通过kubectl命令行工具进行创建
2.通过yml文件
[root@zxw9 ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
查看所有的namespace
[root@ken1 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 64m
kube-node-lease Active 64m
kube-public Active 64m
kube-system Active 64m
查看某个namespace运行了那些pod
[root@ken1 ~]# kubectl get po -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-bccdc95cf-ggx7z 1/1 Running 0 63m
coredns-bccdc95cf-xxgjp 1/1 Running 0 63m
etcd-ken1 1/1 Running 0 62m
kube-apiserver-ken1 1/1 Running 0 62m
kube-controller-manager-ken1 1/1 Running 0 62m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-6qmv4 1/1 Running 0 16m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-p8rkl 1/1 Running 0 38m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vnt8c 1/1 Running 0 35m
kube-proxy-4gqq7 1/1 Running 0 35m
kube-proxy-5n2f4 1/1 Running 0 63m
kube-proxy-fr262 1/1 Running 0 16m
kube-scheduler-ken1 1/1 Running 0 62m
查看更加完整信息
[root@ken1 ~]# kubectl get po -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-bccdc95cf-ggx7z 1/1 Running 0 67m 10.244.0.3 ken1 <none> <none>
coredns-bccdc95cf-xxgjp 1/1 Running 0 67m 10.244.0.2 ken1 <none> <none>
etcd-ken1 1/1 Running 0 66m 192.168.64.5 ken1 <none> <none>