在本指南中，我们将探讨在CentOS 8上PostgreSQL 13的安装。RHEL 8 Linux服务器。PostgreSQL是一个功能强大的开源对象关系数据库系统，可以安全地存储和扩展最复杂的数据工作负载。PostgreSQL数据库系统旨在确保用户的可靠性，数据完整性，强大的功能集和可扩展性。
在CentOS 8上安装PostgreSQL 13 | RHEL 8
从本文更新起，PostgreSQL 13已可以运行，所有软件包都可以在PostgreSQL团队正式支持的YUM存储库中找到，从而简化了安装过程。
在开始安装之前，请确保您正在运行最新版本的CentOS 8和RHEL 8 系统。您可以运行yum update命令以获取最新更新。
sudo yum -y update sudo systemctl reboot
系统重启后，开始在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装PostgreSQL 13。
步骤1：添加PostgreSQL Yum存储库
YUM存储库支持CentOS和RHEL系列Linux发行版。添加后，它将在PostgreSQL的整个支持期内为所有受支持的PostgreSQL版本提供自动更新。
运行以下命令以将提供PostgreSQL软件包的存储库添加到CentOS / RHEL 8服务器。
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm通过按键盘上的y键提示接受安装。
ependencies resolved. ======================================================= Package Architecture Version Repository Size ======================================================= Installing: pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-14 @commandline 11 k Transaction Summary ======================================================= Install 1 Package Total size: 11 k Installed size: 11 k Is this ok [y/N]: y
步骤2：在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装PostgreSQL
我们需要在CentOS 8上禁用PostgreSQL AppStream存储库，RHEL 8 Linux包含其他版本的PostgreSQL。
sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql
确认启用的存储库列表。
$ sudo dnf repolist repo id repo name AppStream CentOS-8 - AppStream BaseOS CentOS-8 - Base extras CentOS-8 - Extras pgdg-common PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pdg10 PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg11 PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg12 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg13 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg95 PostgreSQL 9.5 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg96 PostgreSQL 9.6 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64
检查存储库中是否有PostgreSQL 13软件包。
$ sudo yum search postgresql13 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:45 ago on Sat 31 Oct 2020 08:04:30 AM CET. ====================== Name Exactly Matched: postgresql13 ===================== postgresql13.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries ==================== Name Matched: postgresql13 ============================= postgresql13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql13-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql13-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql13-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql13-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql13-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
现在在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装PostgreSQL 13软件包—服务器和客户端。
sudo dnf install postgresql13 postgresql13-server
如果可以的话，同意安装。
Dependencies resolved. ============================================================ Package Architecture Version Repository Size ============================================================ Installing: postgresql13 x86_64 13.0-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 1.4 M postgresql13-server x86_64 13.0-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 5.5 M Installing dependencies: libicu x86_64 60.3-2.el8_1 BaseOS 8.8 M postgresql13-libs x86_64 13.0-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 411 k Transaction Summar ============================================================ Install 4 Packages Total download size: 16 M Installed size: 63 M Is this ok [y/N]: y
还需要GPG密钥存储库。
Total 13 MB/s | 16 MB 00:01 warning: /var/cache/dnf/pgdg13-e81daebfc8b779ec/packages/postgresql13-13.0-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG Is this ok [y/N]: y
步骤3：初始化并启动数据库服务
必须先进行PostgreSQL数据库初始化，然后才能使用数据库服务器。
数据库的主要配置文件是 /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
$ ls /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/ base pg_commit_ts pg_ident.conf pg_notify pg_snapshots pg_subtrans PG_VERSION postgresql.auto.conf global pg_dynshmem pg_logical pg_replslot pg_stat pg_tblspc pg_wal postgresql.conf log pg_hba.conf pg_multixact pg_serial pg_stat_tmp pg_twophase pg_xact
启动PostgreSQL数据库服务器并将其设置为在启动时启动。
$ sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-13 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-13.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service.
检查服务状态以确认它正在运行。
$ systemctl status postgresql-13 ● postgresql-13.service - PostgreSQL 13 database server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-07-09 23:35:30 CEST; 37s ago Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/static/ Process: 1860 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 1865 (postmaster) Tasks: 8 (limit: 12210) Memory: 17.3M CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-13.service ├─1865 /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/ ├─1867 postgres: logger ├─1869 postgres: checkpointer ├─1870 postgres: background writer ├─1871 postgres: walwriter ├─1872 postgres: autovacuum launcher ├─1873 postgres: stats collector └─1874 postgres: logical replication launcher Jul 09 23:35:30 centos-01.computingforgeeks.com systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 13 database server... Jul 09 23:35:30 centos-01.computingforgeeks.com postmaster[1865]: 2020-07-09 23:35:30.180 CEST [1865] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process Jul 09 23:35:30 centos-01.computingforgeeks.com postmaster[1865]: 2020-07-09 23:35:30.180 CEST [1865] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log". Jul 09 23:35:30 centos-01.computingforgeeks.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 13 database server.
步骤4：设定PostgreSQL管理员使用者的密码
更新PostgreSQL管理员用户密码。
$ sudo su - postgres ]$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongDBPassword'" ALTER ROLE
步骤5：启用远程数据库连接（可选）
编辑文件， /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf 然后将“侦听地址”设置为服务器IP地址或所有接口的“ * ”。
$ sudo vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf # line 59 listen_addresses = '192.168.10.10'
还需设置PostgreSQL接受远程连接
$ sudo vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf # Accept from anywhere (not recommended) host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # Accept from trusted subnet (Recommended setting) host all all 192.168.18.0/24 md5
保存更改后，重新启动数据库服务。
sudo systemctl restart postgresql-13
使用psql命令测试连接，同时提供用户名和（可选）数据库名称。
$ psql -U <dbuser> -h <serverip> -p 5432 <dbname>
步骤6：安装pgAdmin 4
最后建议安装pgAdmin 4来管理PostgreSQL 13数据库， pgAdmin是领先的开源功能丰富的PostgreSQL管理和开发平台，可在Linux，Unix，Mac OS X和Windows上运行。这是在CentOS上安装pgAdmin4的链接。
具体安装方法可以参考：www.cnblogs.com/idccoupon/p/13913384.html