学习算法 还是建议看看算法导论
算法导论第三版 如果不看数学推导 仅看伪代码 难度还是适中
本系列只是记录我的学习心得 和伪代码转化代码的过程
深入学习 还是建议大家看看算法书籍 教程更加系统。
本文参考算法导论第13章节 红黑树
代码由本人写成
转载请标明出处
红黑树是一个带颜色的二叉树
有以下5点性能
1 每个节点或者红色或者黑色
2 根节点黑色
3 每个叶子节点(nil)为黑色
4 如果一个节点是红色的则它的两个子节点都是黑色
5 每个节点 该节点到子孙节点的路径上 黑色节点数目相同
如图
nil节点共享版本
隐藏nil节点
红黑树的结构与二叉树类似
但是增加了指向节点父节点的指针 和颜色记录
enum Color { red = 1, black }; struct node { Color color_; std::shared_ptr<node> left_; std::shared_ptr<node> right_; std::shared_ptr<node> parent_; int value_; node() { left_ = right_ = parent_ = nullptr; value_ = -1; color_ = black; } };
还创建以叶节点nil
std::shared_ptr<node> nil(new node);
打印函数 与二叉树变化不大
void PrinTree(std::shared_ptr<node> root) { if (root == nil) { return; } std::cout << root->value_ << " "; if(root->left_!=nil) PrinTree(root->left_); if(root->right_ != nil) PrinTree(root->right_); }
旋转操作
旋转是保持平衡的最基本的操作 我们先从这里开始学习
在实际的操作旋转如图
伪代码如图
实际上就是
将Y的左子树 更改为X的右子树
X更改为Y的左子树
实际代码为
void RightRotate(std::shared_ptr<node>& root, std::shared_ptr<node> x) { std::shared_ptr<node> y = x->left_; x->left_ = y->right_; if (y->right_ != nil) y->right_->parent_ = x; y->parent_ = x->parent_; if (x->parent_ == nil){ root = y; } else if (x->parent_->left_ == x) { x->parent_->left_ = y; } else { x->parent_->right_ = y; } y->right_ = x; x->parent_ = y; }
我们来创建一个红黑树 测试下旋转操作(先不关注颜色 只关注旋转操作)
全部代码如下
// rbShow.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include <memory> #include <iostream> using namespace std; enum Color { red = 1, black }; struct node { Color color_; std::shared_ptr<node> left_; std::shared_ptr<node> right_; std::shared_ptr<node> parent_; int value_; node() { left_ = right_ = parent_ = nullptr; value_ = -1; color_ = black; } }; std::shared_ptr<node> nil(new node); std::shared_ptr<node> CreateNode(Color color, int i) { std::shared_ptr<node> p(new node); p->color_ = color; p->left_ = nil; p->right_ = nil; p->parent_ = nil; p->value_ = i; return p; } void RightRotate(std::shared_ptr<node>& root, std::shared_ptr<node> x) { std::shared_ptr<node> y = x->left_; x->left_ = y->right_; if (y->right_ != nil) y->right_->parent_ = x; y->parent_ = x->parent_; if (x->parent_ == nil) { root = y; } else if (x->parent_->left_ == x) { x->parent_->left_ = y; } else { x->parent_->right_ = y; } y->right_ = x; x->parent_ = y; } void LeftRotate(std::shared_ptr<node>& root, std::shared_ptr<node> x) { std::shared_ptr<node> y = x->right_; x->right_ = y->left_; if (y->left_ != nil) y->left_->parent_ = x; y->parent_ = x->parent_; if (x->parent_ == nil) { root = y; } else if (x->parent_->left_ == x) { x->parent_->left_ = y; } else { x->parent_->right_ = y; } y->left_ = x; x->parent_ = y; } void PrinTree(std::shared_ptr<node> root) { if (root == nil) { return; } std::cout << root->value_ << " "; if (root->left_ != nil) PrinTree(root->left_); if (root->right_ != nil) PrinTree(root->right_); } void TestLeftRotate1() { std::shared_ptr<node> root = CreateNode(black, 1); root->parent_ = nil; std::shared_ptr<node> x = root; root->right_ = CreateNode(red, 2); root->right_->parent_ = root; PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; LeftRotate(root, x); PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; } void TestRightRotate1() { std::shared_ptr<node> root = CreateNode(black, 2); root->parent_ = nil; std::shared_ptr<node> x = root; std::shared_ptr<node> y = CreateNode(red, 1); root->left_ = y; y->parent_ = x; PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; RightRotate(root, x); PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; } int main() { TestLeftRotate1(); TestRightRotate1(); return 0; }
代码运行效果如图
由于左旋转与右旋转 是镜像映射的 这里仅仅介绍左旋转
左旋转后
再来一个多节点的旋转
// rbShow.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include <memory> #include <iostream> using namespace std; enum Color { red = 1, black }; struct node { Color color_; std::shared_ptr<node> left_; std::shared_ptr<node> right_; std::shared_ptr<node> parent_; int value_; node() { left_ = right_ = parent_ = nullptr; value_ = -1; color_ = black; } }; std::shared_ptr<node> nil(new node); std::shared_ptr<node> CreateNode(Color color, int i) { std::shared_ptr<node> p(new node); p->color_ = color; p->left_ = nil; p->right_ = nil; p->parent_ = nil; p->value_ = i; return p; } void RightRotate(std::shared_ptr<node>& root, std::shared_ptr<node> x) { std::shared_ptr<node> y = x->left_; x->left_ = y->right_; if (y->right_ != nil) y->right_->parent_ = x; y->parent_ = x->parent_; if (x->parent_ == nil) { root = y; } else if (x->parent_->left_ == x) { x->parent_->left_ = y; } else { x->parent_->right_ = y; } y->right_ = x; x->parent_ = y; } void LeftRotate(std::shared_ptr<node>& root, std::shared_ptr<node> x) { std::shared_ptr<node> y = x->right_; x->right_ = y->left_; if (y->left_ != nil) y->left_->parent_ = x; y->parent_ = x->parent_; if (x->parent_ == nil) { root = y; } else if (x->parent_->left_ == x) { x->parent_->left_ = y; } else { x->parent_->right_ = y; } y->left_ = x; x->parent_ = y; } void PrinTree(std::shared_ptr<node> root) { if (root == nil) { return; } std::cout << root->value_ << " "; if (root->left_ != nil) PrinTree(root->left_); if (root->right_ != nil) PrinTree(root->right_); } void TestLeftRotate2() { //测试 1 3 2 4 std::shared_ptr<node> root = CreateNode(black, 1); root->parent_ = nil; root->right_ = CreateNode(red, 3); root->right_->parent_ = root; std::shared_ptr<node> x = root->right_; std::shared_ptr<node> y = CreateNode(red, 2); x->left_ = y; y->parent_ = x; std::shared_ptr<node> z = CreateNode(red, 4); x->right_ = z; z->parent_ = x; PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; LeftRotate(root, x); PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; } void TestRightRotate1() { //测试 9 10 6 8 4 2 5 std::shared_ptr<node> root = CreateNode(black, 9); root->parent_ = nil; std::shared_ptr<node> a = root; std::shared_ptr<node> b = CreateNode(black, 10); a->right_ = b; b->parent_ = a; std::shared_ptr<node> c = CreateNode(black, 6); a->left_ = c; c->parent_ = a; std::shared_ptr<node> d = CreateNode(black, 8); c->right_ = d; d->parent_ = c; std::shared_ptr<node> e = CreateNode(black, 4); c->left_ = e; e->parent_ = c; std::shared_ptr<node> f = CreateNode(black, 2); e->left_ = f; f->parent_ = e; std::shared_ptr<node> g = CreateNode(black, 5); e->right_ = g; g->parent_ = e; PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; RightRotate(root, c); PrinTree(root); std::cout << std::endl; } int main() { TestLeftRotate1(); std::cout << std::endl; TestRightRotate1(); return 0; }
这里介绍右旋转 图示如图
节点6进行右旋转后