1.基本类型对应的包装类
byte->Byte;
short->Short;
int->Integer;
long->Long;
double->Double;
float->Float;
char->Charecter;
boolean->Boolean;
2. 自动拆箱与自动装箱
自动装箱: 将基本数据类型自动转换成对应的包装类。
本质上是通过包装类的valueOf()方法来实现的。
自动拆箱:将包装类自动转换成对应的基本数据类型。
本质上是通过包装类对象的xxxValue()来实现的。
Integer i = 1; //自动装箱
//Integer i = Integer.valueOf(1);
int k = i;//自动拆箱
//int k = i.intValue();
3.自动拆装箱的场景
- 基本类型与包装类型进行大小比较,四则运算,条件运算符
- 集合类使用时,只接受对象,会自动装箱
3.例子
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer i1 = new Integer(100);
Integer j1 = new Integer(100);
System.out.println(i1==j1); //false
Integer i2 = new Integer(100);
int j2 = 100;
System.out.println(i2==j2); //true
Integer i3 = new Integer(100); //heap
Integer j3 = 100; //constant pool
System.out.println(i3==j3); //false
Integer i4 = 127;
Integer j4 = 127;
System.out.println(i4==j4); //true
Integer i5 = 128;
Integer j5 = 128;
System.out.println(i5==j5); //false
}
- new Integer(100)每次都会创建一个新对象,而对于引用类型来说==比较的是引用地址,所以不相等。
- java在编译Integer i = 100时,本质上调用Integer i = Integer.valueof(100),由下面java 8中对ValueOf()的定义以及IntegerCache()可知,valueof()创建的对象指向方法区。
- 整型常量池中的常量范围:-128到127,所以在自动装箱时,把int变成Integer的时候,当你的int的值在-128到127时,返回的不是new出来的Integer对象,而是已经缓存在堆中的Integer对象。
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* 可以通过参数指定
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;//最小值
static final int high;//最大值
static final Integer cache[];//范围内的数组缓存
static {//静态内部类,用于添加数组
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];//实例化cache缓存
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)//进行赋值
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;//断言必须大于127
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];//引用地址相同
return new Integer(i);
}
IntegerCache.cache内部实现了一个Integer的静态常量数组,在类加载的时候,执行static静态块进行初始化-128和127之间的Integer对象,存放到cache数组中。cache属于常量,存放在Java的方法区中。
4.常量池
java中基本类型的包装类的大部分都实现了常量池技术,要用于减少创建对象的数量,以减少内存占用和提高性能。如Byte,Short,Integer,Long,Character,Boolean;两种浮点数类型的包装类Float,Double并没有实现常量池技术。