• java多态实现示例


    1. 多态

    多态存在的三个必要条件:继承重写父类引用指向子类对象
    当使用多态方式调用方法时,首先检查父类中是否有该方法,如果没有,则error;如果有,调用子类的同名方法。

    java多态实现原理

    package demo;
    
    public class people {
        public people(){
    
        }
        public void run(){
            System.out.println("10");
        }
    }
    
    
    package demo;
    
    public class player extends people{
        player(){
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //super.run();
            System.out.println("100");
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            people bob = new player();
            bob.run();
        }
    }
    
    

    输出结果为100

    1.1. 多态的局限性

    1.1.1. 不能重写私有方法

    只能重写public,以及protected权限修饰符修饰的方法,以及如果在同一个包下的defult方法

    //: polymorphism/PrivateOverride.java
    // Trying to override a private method.
    package polymorphism;
    import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
    
    public class PrivateOverride {
      private void f() { print("private f()"); }
      public static void main(String[] args) {
        PrivateOverride po = new Derived();
        po.f();
      }
    }
    
    class Derived extends PrivateOverride {
      public void f() { print("public f()"); }
    } /* Output:
    private f()
    *///:~
    

    期望输出的是public f(),但是父类中的private方法被自动认为是final方法,对子类是屏蔽的,所以不能被重载;所以在这种情况下,子类的f()被当作一个全新的方法。

    1.1.2. 不能动态绑定域(类变量成员变量或参数)

    动态绑定的只有类,而变量没有动态绑定

    //: polymorphism/FieldAccess.java
    // Direct field access is determined at compile time.
    
    class Super {
      public int field = 0;
      public int getField() { return field; }
    }
    
    class Sub extends Super {
      public int field = 1;
      public int getField() { return field; }
      public int getSuperField() { return super.field; }
    }
    
    public class FieldAccess {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
        Super sup = new Sub(); // Upcast
        System.out.println("sup.field = " + sup.field +
          ", sup.getField() = " + sup.getField());
        Sub sub = new Sub();
        System.out.println("sub.field = " +
          sub.field + ", sub.getField() = " +
          sub.getField() +
          ", sub.getSuperField() = " +
          sub.getSuperField());
      }
    } /* Output:
    sup.field = 0, sup.getField() = 1
    sub.field = 1, sub.getField() = 1, sub.getSuperField() = 0
    *///:~
    

    所有的域操作都不是多态的,对于子类,域有不同的存储空间。

    1.1.3. 不能重写私有方法静态方法

    静态方法属于类,不能被重写

    1.2. 子类重写父类方法调用父类方法

    在c++中,可以通过向上提升的类型操作实现对父类行为的调用,而在Java中,无论对其进行什么样的类型转换,其类型实际上是不变的,只能通过super调用。
    example:

    package demo;
    
    public class people {
        public people(){
    
        }
        public void run(){
            System.out.println("10");
        }
    }
    
    
    package demo;
    
    public class player extends people{
        player(){
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();
            System.out.println("100");
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            people bob = new player();
            bob.run();
        }
    }
    
    

    1.3. 多态示例1:

    函数参数实现多态性

    public class people {
        public people(){
    
        }
        public void run(){
            System.out.println("10");
        }
    }
    
    public class player extends people{
        player(){
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //super.run();
            System.out.println("100");
        }
    
    
    }
    
    public class running {
        public void competition(people p1,people p2){//父类引用指向子类对象
            p1.run();
            p2.run();
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            people bob = new player();
            people sam = new player();
            running round1 = new running();
            round1.competition(bob,sam);
        }
    }
    

    1.4. 多态示例2:

    接口实现多态性,解耦

    public interface runrunrun {
        public void run();
    }
    
    public class people implements runrunrun {
        public people(){
    
        }
        public void run(){
            System.out.println("10");
        }
    }
    
    
    public class player implements runrunrun{
        player(){
    
        }
        //@Override
        public void run() {
            //super.run();
            System.out.println("100");
        }
    }
    
    
    public class running {
        public void competition(runrunrun p1,runrunrun p2){
            p1.run();
            p2.run();
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            player bob = new player();
            player sam = new player();
            running round1 = new running();
            round1.competition(bob,sam);
        }
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/innndown/p/12392148.html
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