Windows下编程--模拟时钟的实现

windows下编程--模拟时钟的实现：

主要可以分为几个步骤：

(1)   编写按键事件处理（启动和停止时钟）

(2)   编写时钟事件处理，调用显示时钟函数

(3)   编写显示时钟函数，要调用显示数字时钟函数、画出钟面函数和画出指针函数

(4)   编写显示数字时钟函数。注意要自己用矩形填充(FillRect)擦除背景。

(5)   编写画出钟面函数

(6)   编写画出指针函数

(7)   增加WM_PAINT消息处理：调用显示时钟函数，防止在停止时钟后从窗口最小化恢复会不显示内容。

最后结果类似于这种形式---一个模拟时钟，数字时钟+画面时钟

每一步的说明：

（1）编写按键事件处理（启动和停止时钟）

(2)   编写时钟事件处理，调用显示时钟函数

(3)   编写显示时钟函数，要调用显示数字时钟函数、画出钟面函数和画出指针函数

(4)   编写显示数字时钟函数。注意要自己用矩形填充(FillRect)擦除背景。

(5) 编写画出钟面函数

(6)   编写画出指针函数(注意好时针分针秒针的角度关系计算方法就行了）

(7)   增加WM_PAINT消息处理：调用显示时钟函数，防止在停止时钟后从窗口最小化恢复会不显示内容。

基本上只是考察了基本的windows编程，掌握好时钟事件和按钮的编程。

最后附上长长的代码...

/*------------------------------------------------------------
   HELLOWIN.C -- Displays "Hello, Windows 98!" in client area
                 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998
  ------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

#define PI        3.14159265358979323846
#define TIMER_SEC   1
#define TIMER_MIN   2
#define BUTTON1     3
#define BUTTON2     4

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("HelloWin") ;
     HWND         hwnd,hwndButton1,hwndButton2;
     MSG          msg ;
     WNDCLASS     wndclass ;

     wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL ;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), 
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName,                  // window class name
                          TEXT ("Analog Clock"), // window caption
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,        // window style
                          CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial x position
                          CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial y position
                          560,              // initial x size
                          360,              // initial y size
                          NULL,                       // parent window handle
                          NULL,                       // window menu handle
                          hInstance,                  // program instance handle
                          NULL) ;                     // creation parameters
     
     ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;

     hwndButton1 = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"),                       // 窗口类名(系统内部定义了该窗口类)
         TEXT("StartTimer"),                               // 标题
         WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,        // 样式
         100, 250,                                      // 左上角位置x,y
         120, 40,                                         // 宽度,高度
         hwnd,                                        // 父窗口句柄
         (HMENU)BUTTON1,                                // 控件ID
         hInstance,                                     // 实例句柄
         NULL);                                        // 自定义参数

     hwndButton2 = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"),                       // 窗口类名
         TEXT("StopTimer"),                               // 标题
         WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,        // 样式
         300, 250,                                      // 左上角位置x,y
         120, 40,                                         // 宽度,高度
         hwnd,                                        // 父窗口句柄
         (HMENU)BUTTON2,                                // 控件ID
         hInstance,                                     // 实例句柄
         NULL);

     while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}

// 画出钟面（不包括指针）
void DrawClockFace(HDC hdc){
//    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT        rect;
    HPEN hPen;
    HPEN oldPen;
    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 255));                    // 创建画笔（线形，线宽，颜色）
    oldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);        // 选择画笔，并保留原画笔
    Ellipse(hdc, 180, 20, 340, 180);   // 时钟--半径 80  作出时钟原始图像
    Rectangle(hdc, 220, 205, 295, 230);
    double xStart1, yStart1, xEnd1, yEnd1;
    for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++){
        if (i <= 3){
            xEnd1 = 260 + 80 * sin(i* PI / 6);
            xStart1 = 260 + (80 - 10) * sin(i* PI / 6);
            yEnd1 = 100 - 80 * cos(i* PI / 6);
            yStart1 = 100 - (80 - 10) * cos(i* PI / 6);
        }
        if (i > 3 && i <= 6){
            xEnd1 = 260 + 80 * sin(i* PI / 6);
            xStart1 = 260 + (80 - 10) * sin(i* PI / 6);
            yStart1 = 100 + (80 - 10) * cos(PI - i* PI / 6);
            yEnd1 = 100 + 80 * cos(PI - i* PI / 6);
        }
        if (i > 6 && i <= 9)
        {
            xEnd1 = 260 - 80 * cos(1.5*PI - i* PI / 6);
            xStart1 = 260 - (80 - 10) * cos(1.5*PI - i* PI / 6);
            yStart1 = 100 + (80 - 10) * sin(1.5*PI - i* PI / 6);
            yEnd1 = 100 + 80 * sin(1.5*PI - i* PI / 6);
        }
        if (i > 9){
            xEnd1 = 260 - 80 * sin(2 * PI - i* PI / 6);
            xStart1 = 260 - (80 - 10) * sin(2 * PI - i* PI / 6);
            yEnd1 = 100 - 80 * cos(2 * PI - i* PI / 6);
            yStart1 = 100 - (80 - 10) * cos(2 * PI - i* PI / 6);
        }
        MoveToEx(hdc, xStart1, yStart1, NULL);
        LineTo(hdc, xEnd1, yEnd1);
    }
    DeleteObject(hPen);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 12
    rect.left = 250;
    rect.top = 5;
    rect.right = 270;
    rect.bottom = 18;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("12"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 11
    rect.left = 210;
    rect.top = 15;
    rect.right = 220;
    rect.bottom = 30;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("11"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 10
    rect.left = 175;
    rect.top = 50;
    rect.right = 190;
    rect.bottom = 60;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("10"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 9
    rect.left = 165;
    rect.top = 95;
    rect.right = 175;
    rect.bottom = 105;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("9"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 8
    rect.left = 175;
    rect.top = 135;
    rect.right = 190;
    rect.bottom = 145;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("8"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 7
    rect.left = 208;
    rect.top = 167;
    rect.right = 215;
    rect.bottom = 185;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("7"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 6
    rect.left = 250;
    rect.top = 182;
    rect.right = 270;
    rect.bottom = 192;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("6"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 5
    rect.left = 295;
    rect.top = 170;
    rect.right = 310;
    rect.bottom = 180;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("5"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 4
    rect.left = 335;
    rect.top = 135;
    rect.right = 345;
    rect.bottom = 145;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("4"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 3
    rect.left = 345;
    rect.top = 95;
    rect.right = 355;
    rect.bottom = 105;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("3"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 2
    rect.left = 335;
    rect.top = 48;
    rect.right = 345;
    rect.bottom = 60;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("2"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    // 钟面相应数字 --- 1
    rect.left = 300;
    rect.top = 20;
    rect.right = 310;
    rect.bottom = 30;
    DrawText(hdc, TEXT("1"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    return;
}

// 画出时钟指针
void DrawClockHands(HDC hdc,int hour,int min,int sec){
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT        rect;
    HPEN hPen;
    HPEN oldPen;
    double xStart1, yStart1, xEnd1, yEnd1;
    hour = (hour >= 12 ? hour - 12 : hour);
    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(255, 0, 0));                    // 创建画笔（线形，线宽，颜色）
    oldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);        // 选择画笔，并保留原画笔
                                           // 显示时针
    xStart1 = 260;
    yStart1 = 100;
    xEnd1 = 260 + (80 - 50) * sin(hour*PI / 6 + ((min * 60 + sec) * PI / (1800*12)));
    yEnd1 = 100 - (80 - 50) * cos(hour*PI / 6 + ((min * 60 + sec) * PI / (1800*12)));
    MoveToEx(hdc, xStart1, yStart1, NULL);
    LineTo(hdc, xEnd1, yEnd1);
    DeleteObject(hPen);

    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 3, RGB(0, 255, 0));                    // 创建画笔（线形，线宽，颜色）
    oldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);        // 选择画笔，并保留原画笔
                                         // 显示分针
    xStart1 = 260;
    yStart1 = 100;
    xEnd1 = 260 + (80 - 35) * sin(min*PI / 30 + (sec * PI / 1800));
    yEnd1 = 100 - (80 - 35) * cos(min*PI / 30 + (sec * PI / 1800));
    MoveToEx(hdc, xStart1, yStart1, NULL);
    LineTo(hdc, xEnd1, yEnd1);
    DeleteObject(hPen);

    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0));                    // 创建画笔（线形，线宽，颜色）
    oldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);        // 选择画笔，并保留原画笔
                                          // 显示秒针
    xStart1 = 260;
    yStart1 = 100;
    xEnd1 = 260 + (80 - 15) * sin(sec * PI / 30);
    yEnd1 = 100 - (80 - 15) * cos(sec * PI / 30);
    MoveToEx(hdc, xStart1, yStart1, NULL);
    LineTo(hdc, xEnd1, yEnd1);
    DeleteObject(hPen);

    return;
}
/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void ShowTime1(HDC hdc){          // use for debug
    HPEN hPen, oldPen;
    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 3, RGB(255, 0, 0));    // 创建画笔（线形，线宽，颜色）
    oldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);        // 选择画笔，并保留原画笔
    MoveToEx(hdc, 5, 5, NULL);
    LineTo(hdc, 10, 10);
}
*////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// 显示数字时钟，注意用函数FillRect擦除背景
void ShowTime(HDC hdc,int hour,int min,int sec){
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT       rect;
    LOGBRUSH    logbrush;
    HBRUSH        hBrush, oldBrush;
    HRGN        hRgn;        // 区域用于区域填充、剪切、合并、反转、画边框或设无效区 

    HDC hdc1;
    HPEN hPen, oldPen;
    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 3, RGB(255, 0, 0));                    // 创建画笔（线形，线宽，颜色）
    oldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc1, hPen);        // 选择画笔，并保留原画笔
    MoveToEx(hdc1, 5, 5, NULL);
    LineTo(hdc1, 10, 10);

//    logbrush.lbColor = RGB(255, 255, 255);
//    logbrush.lbHatch = HS_BDIAGONAL;                    // 阴影样式：HS_BDIAGONAL 对角线，HS_DIAGCROSS 对角交叉线
//    logbrush.lbStyle = BS_HATCHED;                        // 画刷样式：BS_SOLID 实心，BS_HATCHED 阴影
//    hBrush = (HBRUSH)CreateBrushIndirect(&logbrush);
    hBrush = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    oldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);        // 选择画刷，并保留原画刷
    SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
    hRgn = CreateEllipticRgn(195, 35, 325, 165);        // 定义区域 
    FillRgn(hdc, hRgn, hBrush);                            // 填充区域
    DeleteObject(hBrush);                            // 删除画刷
    SelectObject(hdc, oldBrush);                    // 恢复原画刷

    DrawClockHands(hdc, hour, min, sec);
    return;
}

// 显示时钟函数，
void ShowClock(HWND hwnd){
    int x,y,r;
    HDC hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
    RECT rect;
    TCHAR buf[100];
    SYSTEMTIME     st;

    //GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
    rect.left = 230;
    rect.top = 210;
    rect.right = rect.left + 100;
    rect.bottom = rect.top + 30;
    GetLocalTime(&st);
    wsprintf(buf, TEXT("%d:%d:%d"), st.wHour, st.wMinute, st.wSecond);
    DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rect,
        DT_SINGLELINE | DT_LEFT | DT_TOP);

    ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
    return;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     HDC         hdc ;
     PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
     HPEN hPen;
     HPEN oldPen;
     SYSTEMTIME     st;
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
          PlaySound (TEXT ("hellowin.wav"), NULL, SND_FILENAME | SND_ASYNC) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_PAINT:
          hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          DrawClockFace(hdc);   // 画钟
          GetLocalTime(&st);    //画时针分针秒针
         DrawClockHands(hdc ,st.wHour, st.wMinute, st.wSecond);
          ShowClock(hwnd);// 当窗口重刷时显示时间，否则停止时钟时可能空白
        //  EndPaint(hwnd, &ps) ;
          return 0 ;
     
     case WM_COMMAND:
         // LOWORD (wParam) 子窗口ID， HIWORD (wParam)     按钮通知码， lParam    子窗口句柄

         switch (LOWORD(wParam))  //子窗口ID
         {
         case BUTTON1:
             SetTimer(hwnd, TIMER_SEC, 1000, NULL); // 启动定时器(1000毫秒一次),TIMER_SEC为自定义索引号
             break;
         case BUTTON2:
             KillTimer(hwnd, TIMER_SEC);            // 删除定时器
             break;
         }
         return 0;

     case WM_TIMER:
         switch (wParam)
         {
         case TIMER_SEC:
             ShowClock(hwnd);//每秒一次的处理
             InvalidateRgn(hwnd, NULL, 1);     // 使区域无效
            // ShowTime1(hdc);
             ShowTime(hdc, st.wHour, st.wMinute, st.wSecond);

             break;
         case TIMER_MIN:        //每分钟一次的处理
             break;
         }
         return 0;
     case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}