• 11.Hibernate 拦截器


    拦截器

    你已经学到,在 Hibernate 中,一个对象将被创建和保持。一旦对象已经被修改,它必须被保存到数据库里。这个过程持续直到下一次对象被需要,它将被从持久的存储中加载。

    因此一个对象通过它生命周期中的不同阶段,并且 Interceptor 接口提供了在不同阶段能被调用来进行一些所需要的任务的方法。这些方法是从会话到应用程序的回调函数,允许应用程序检查或操作一个持续对象的属性,在它被保存,更新,删除或上传之前。以下是在 Interceptor 接口中可用的所有方法的列表。

    S.N.方法和描述
    1 findDirty()
    这个方法在当 flush() 方法在一个 Session 对象上被调用时被调用。
    2 instantiate()
    这个方法在一个持续的类被实例化时被调用。
    3 isUnsaved()
    这个方法在当一个对象被传到 saveOrUpdate() 方法时被调用。
    4 onDelete()
    这个方法在一个对象被删除前被调用。
    5 onFlushDirty()
    这个方法在当 Hibernate 探测到一个对象在一次 flush(例如,更新操作)中是脏的(例如,被修改)时被调用。
    6 onLoad()
    这个方法在一个对象被初始化之前被调用。
    7 onSave()
    这个方法在一个对象被保存前被调用。
    8 postFlush()
    这个方法在一次 flush 已经发生并且一个对象已经在内存中被更新后被调用。
    9 preFlush()
    这个方法在一次 flush 前被调用。

    Hibernate 拦截器给予了我们一个对象如何应用到应用程序和数据库的总控制。

    如何使用拦截器?

    为了创建一个拦截器你可以直接实现 Interceptor 类或者继承 EmptyInterceptor 类。以下是简单的使用 Hibernate 拦截器功能的步骤。

    创建拦截器

    我们将在例子中继承 EmptyInterceptor,当 Employee 对象被创建和更新时拦截器的方法将自动被调用。你可以根据你的需求实现更多的方法。

     

    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    
    import org.hibernate.EmptyInterceptor;
    import org.hibernate.Transaction;
    import org.hibernate.type.Type;
    
    public class MyInterceptor extends EmptyInterceptor {
    	private int updates;
    	private int creates;
    	private int loads;
    
    	public void onDelete(Object entity, Serializable id, Object[] state, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types) {
    		// do nothing
    	}
    
    	// This method is called when Employee object gets updated.
    	public boolean onFlushDirty(Object entity, Serializable id, Object[] currentState, Object[] previousState, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types) {
    		if (entity instanceof Employee) {
    			System.out.println("Update Operation");
    			return true;
    		}
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	public boolean onLoad(Object entity, Serializable id, Object[] state, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types) {
    		// do nothing
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	// This method is called when Employee object gets created.
    	public boolean onSave(Object entity, Serializable id, Object[] state, String[] propertyNames, Type[] types) {
    		if (entity instanceof Employee) {
    			System.out.println("Create Operation");
    			return true;
    		}
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	// called before commit into database
    	public void preFlush(Iterator iterator) {
    		System.out.println("preFlush");
    	}
    
    	// called after committed into database
    	public void postFlush(Iterator iterator) {
    		System.out.println("postFlush");
    	}
    }

    创建 POJO 类

    现在让我们稍微修改我们的第一个例子,我们使用 EMPLOYEE 表单和 Employee 类:

    public class Employee {
    	private int id;
    	private String firstName;
    	private String lastName;
    	private int salary;
    
    	public Employee() {
    	}
    
    	public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
    		this.firstName = fname;
    		this.lastName = lname;
    		this.salary = salary;
    	}
    
    	public int getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    
    	public void setId(int id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    
    	public String getFirstName() {
    		return firstName;
    	}
    
    	public void setFirstName(String first_name) {
    		this.firstName = first_name;
    	}
    
    	public String getLastName() {
    		return lastName;
    	}
    
    	public void setLastName(String last_name) {
    		this.lastName = last_name;
    	}
    
    	public int getSalary() {
    		return salary;
    	}
    
    	public void setSalary(int salary) {
    		this.salary = salary;
    	}
    }

    创建数据库表

    第二步将是在你的数据库中创建表。一张表对应每个你提供持久性的对象。考虑以上的对象需要被存储和检索到以下的 RDBM 表中:

    create table EMPLOYEE (
       id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
       first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
       last_name  VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
       salary     INT  default NULL,
       PRIMARY KEY (id)
    );

    创建 Mapping 配置文件

    这个步骤是来创建一个指导 Hibernate 如何将定义的类或者多个类映射到数据库表单中的映射文件。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
     "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 
    
    <hibernate-mapping>
       <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
          <meta attribute="class-description">
             This class contains the employee detail. 
          </meta>
          <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
             <generator class="native"/>
          </id>
          <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
          <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
          <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
       </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    创建 Application 类

    最后,我们将用 main() 创建 application 类来运行应用程序。这里应该注意当创建 session 对象时我们使用 Interceptor 类作为参数。

    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    
    import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.Transaction;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
    
    public class ManageEmployee {
    	private static SessionFactory factory;
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		try {
    			factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
    		} catch (Throwable ex) {
    			System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
    			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
    		}
    
    		ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
    
    		/* Add few employee records in database */
    		Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Zara", "Ali", 1000);
    		Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Daisy", "Das", 5000);
    		Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("John", "Paul", 10000);
    
    		/* List down all the employees */
    		ME.listEmployees();
    
    		/* Update employee's records */
    		ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);
    
    		/* Delete an employee from the database */
    		ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);
    
    		/* List down new list of the employees */
    		ME.listEmployees();
    	}
    
    	/* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */
    	public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
    		Session session = factory.openSession(new MyInterceptor());
    		Transaction tx = null;
    		Integer employeeID = null;
    		try {
    			tx = session.beginTransaction();
    			Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
    			employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
    			tx.commit();
    		} catch (HibernateException e) {
    			if (tx != null)
    				tx.rollback();
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			session.close();
    		}
    		return employeeID;
    	}
    
    	/* Method to READ all the employees */
    	public void listEmployees() {
    		Session session = factory.openSession(new MyInterceptor());
    		Transaction tx = null;
    		try {
    			tx = session.beginTransaction();
    			List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
    			for (Iterator iterator = employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
    				Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();
    				System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
    				System.out.print("  Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
    				System.out.println("  Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
    			}
    			tx.commit();
    		} catch (HibernateException e) {
    			if (tx != null)
    				tx.rollback();
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			session.close();
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* Method to UPDATE salary for an employee */
    	public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary) {
    		Session session = factory.openSession(new MyInterceptor());
    		Transaction tx = null;
    		try {
    			tx = session.beginTransaction();
    			Employee employee = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
    			employee.setSalary(salary);
    			session.update(employee);
    			tx.commit();
    		} catch (HibernateException e) {
    			if (tx != null)
    				tx.rollback();
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			session.close();
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* Method to DELETE an employee from the records */
    	public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID) {
    		Session session = factory.openSession(new MyInterceptor());
    		Transaction tx = null;
    		try {
    			tx = session.beginTransaction();
    			Employee employee = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
    			session.delete(employee);
    			tx.commit();
    		} catch (HibernateException e) {
    			if (tx != null)
    				tx.rollback();
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			session.close();
    		}
    	}
    }

     编译和执行

    这里是编译和运行上面提及的应用程序的步骤。确保你已经在处理编译和执行前正确设置了 PATH 和 CLASSPATH。

    • 创建在 configuration 章节中解释的 hibernate.cfg.xml 配置文件。
    • 创建如上所示的 Employee.hbm.xml 映射文件。
    • 创建如上所示的 Employee.java 源文件并编译。
    • 创建如上所示的 MyInterceptor.java 源文件并编译。
    • 创建如上所示的 ManageEmployee.java 源文件并编译。
    • 执行 ManageEmployee 来运行程序。

    你将得到以下结果,而且记录将在 EMPLOYEE 表单中被创建。

    $java ManageEmployee
    .......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
    
    Create Operation
    preFlush
    postFlush
    Create Operation
    preFlush
    postFlush
    Create Operation
    preFlush
    postFlush
    First Name: Zara  Last Name: Ali  Salary: 1000
    First Name: Daisy  Last Name: Das  Salary: 5000
    First Name: John  Last Name: Paul  Salary: 10000
    preFlush
    postFlush
    preFlush
    Update Operation
    postFlush
    preFlush
    postFlush
    First Name: Zara  Last Name: Ali  Salary: 5000
    First Name: John  Last Name: Paul  Salary: 10000
    preFlush
    postFlush

    如果你检查你的 EMPLOYEE 表单,它应该有如下结果:

    mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
    +----+------------+-----------+--------+
    | id | first_name | last_name | salary |
    +----+------------+-----------+--------+
    | 29 | Zara       | Ali       |   5000 |
    | 31 | John       | Paul      |  10000 |
    +----+------------+-----------+--------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec
    mysql>
    ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————


    作者:Kei
    出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/ikei/
    本文版权归作者所有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利.

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ikei/p/7098944.html
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