[svc]mysql备份恢复及常用命令

如何实现mysql读写分离

1.通过程序实现读写分类(性能效率最佳)
php和java都可以通过设置多个连接文件轻松实现对db的读写分离,即当select时,就去连读库的连接文件,当update,insert,delete时就去连写库的连接文件.
2.mysql-proxy, amoeba等代理软件也可以实现读写分离
3.开发dbproxy

主从同步原理

是异步的,逻辑的

主库
必须开启binlog
io线程
从库
io线程
sql线程

master: ip port user/pass bin-file bin-position

1.从库2个线程,主库1个线程
2.ip port user/pass bin-file bin-position
3.开启开关前,确保主从库基于某个位置点以前一致.
4.master建立同步账号
5.start salve

建库建表

create database people;
use people;
create table p1 (id int,name char(40));
insert into p1 values(1,'maotai');
insert into p1 values(2,'毛台');
insert into p1 values(3,'maomao');
insert into p1 values(4,'毛毛');

备份数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people > /opt/people_bak.sql

egrep -v "#|*|--|^$" /opt/people_bak.sql

[root@n1 ~]# egrep -v "#|*|--|^$" /opt/people_bak.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `p1`;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
LOCK TABLES `p1` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
UNLOCK TABLES;

注: 从上面看到,

LOCK TABLES插数据时候,锁表了,禁止其他修改.
insert语句整合成了一条
导出的都是一些sql语句

http://www.cnblogs.com/iiiiiher/p/8205915.html

SET NAMES 'latin1'; 
SET character_set_client = latin1;
SET character_set_connection = latin1;
SET character_set_database = latin1;
SET character_set_results = latin1;
SET character_set_server = latin1;
SET character_set_system = latin1;

删表后恢复

[root@n1 etc]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'use people;drop table p1';
[root@n1 etc]# mysql -uroot -p123456 people < /opt/people_bak.sql

- 不加-B
[root@n1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people > /opt/people_bak.sql
[root@n1 ~]# egrep -v "#|*|--|^$" /opt/people_bak.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `p1`;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
LOCK TABLES `p1` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
UNLOCK TABLES;



- 加上-B多了: USE `people`;
[root@n1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people > /opt/people_bak_B.sql

[root@n1 ~]# egrep -v "#|*|--|^$" /opt/people_bak_B.sql
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `people` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `people`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `p1`;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
LOCK TABLES `p1` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
UNLOCK TABLES;


- 导入时候不用指定库了.
[root@n1 etc]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'drop database people;
[root@n1 etc]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/people_bak.sql

-B: 
- sql多了建库语句和use语句
- 指定多个库备份

--compact debug时候用,忽略了一些东西.

[root@n1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B --compact people
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `people` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;

USE `people`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');

gzip压缩

[root@n1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people|gzip > /opt/people_bak_B.sql.gz

[root@n1 ~]# ls -lh /opt/people_bak_B.sql.gz /opt/people_bak.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  761 Mar 20 20:20 /opt/people_bak_B.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.9K Mar 20 20:08 /opt/people_bak.sql

小结: 备份库时
-B
gzip 压缩

mysqldump原理

将db里的数据,以sql语句的形式导出.
恢复过程: 即将sql语句重新执行的一个过程.

-B备份同时多个库

create database people2;
use people;
create table p1 (id int,name char(40));
insert into p1 values(1,'maotai');
insert into p1 values(2,'毛台');
insert into p1 values(3,'maomao');
insert into p1 values(4,'毛毛');

- 同时备份多个库
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people people2 > /opt/people_bak_multi.sql


- 恢复
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'drop database people;drop database people2';
mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/people_bak_multi.sql

分库备份

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people > /opt/people_bak_B.sql
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people2 > /opt/people2_bak_B.sql

[root@n1 etc]# mysql -uroot -p123456  -e 'show databases'|grep -Evi "database|infor|mysql|per|sys"|sed  's#^#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B #g'
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people2

方法1: sed后向引用

[root@n1 etc]# mysql -uroot -p123456  -e 'show databases'|grep -Evi "database|infor|mysql|per|sys"|sed -r 's#^([a-z].*)#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B 1|gzip > /opt/1.gz #g'
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people|gzip > /opt/people.gz 
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B people2|gzip > /opt/people2.gz

mysql -uroot -p123456  -e 'show databases'|grep -Evi "database|infor|mysql|per|sys"|sed -r 's#^([a-z].*)#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B --events 1|gzip > /opt/1.gz #g'|bash

方法2: for循环
http://edu.51cto.com/course/808.html

mkdir /sql/
for dbname in `mysql -uroot -p123456  -e 'show databases'|grep -Evi "database|infor|mysql|per|sys"`;do
    mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B --events ${dbname}|gzip > /sql/${dbname}_sql.gz
done

分库的意义: 恢复某个库时候有优势.

备份单个表

mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库库名 表名 > 备份的文件名

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people p1 > /opt/people_p1_bak_B.sql

创建两张表

create database people;
use people;
create table p1 (id int,name char(40));
insert into p1 values(1,'maotai');
insert into p1 values(2,'毛台');
insert into p1 values(3,'maomao');
insert into p1 values(4,'毛毛');


create table p2 (id int,name char(40));
insert into p2 values(1,'maotai');
insert into p2 values(2,'毛台');
insert into p2 values(3,'maomao');
insert into p2 values(4,'毛毛');

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact people p1 


[root@n1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact people p1;
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛'),(1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');

备份多个表

mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库库名 表1 表2 > 备份的文件名

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people --compact p1 p2 --compact

[root@n1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people --compact p1 p2 --compact
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛'),(1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p2` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p2` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');

企业需求: 仅恢复某个表,上述方法不适合.

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people --compact p1 --compact
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 people --compact p2 --compact

两个for循环,解决分库分表备份

db_list=`mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show databases'|grep -Evi "database|infor|mysql|perfo|sys"`
for dbname in $db_list;do
    tb_list=`mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "use ${dbname};show tables;"|grep -Evi 'Tabl'`
    for tbname in ${tb_list};do
        mysqldump -uroot -p123456 ${dbname} ${tbname}|gzip > /sql/${dbname}_${tbname}_bak.sql.gz
    done
done

生产情况:
1.一个整备+一个分库分表备份.
2.脚本恢复

-d仅备份表结构

- 加上-d即备份表结构

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact -d people2

[root@n1 sql]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact -d people2
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p2` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

-t仅备份数据

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact -t people2

[root@n1 sql]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact -t people2
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛'),(1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
INSERT INTO `p2` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛'),(1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');

-A备份db里所有库

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -A -B |gzip > /opt/all.sql.gz

-F刷新binlog(重新生成一个新的binlog)

打开binlog

log-bin = mysql-bin

[root@n1 mysql]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/
total 122972
....
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      154 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       19 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.index

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -A -B --events -F|gzip > /opt/all.sql.gz

[root@n1 mysql]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/
total 122984
...
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      201 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      201 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      201 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      154 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       76 Mar 20 21:16 mysql-bin.index

全备份+增量备份,-F为了找准确备份点.

--master-data=1(不带注释): 自动加了binlog和位置点.

主从同步时候有用,可以保证不刷新binlog找到全备的位置点.

[root@n1 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --master-data=1 --compact people
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;    ## 自动加了binlog和位置点.
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛'),(1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p2` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p2` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');

[root@n1 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000002
mysqlbinlog: [ERROR] unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8'

解决:
注释掉

[client]
#default-character-set = utf8
重启mysql即可

- 位置点: 一般是当时的文件大小
- 时间
全备后,按照这个时间点增量同步


[root@n1 data]# mysqlbinlog ./mysql-bin.000004
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#180320 21:16:59 server id 1  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x8bd89c27 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 180320 21:16:59
BINLOG '
ywmxWg8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAAAAAQANS43LjE3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
ASec2Is=
'/*!*/;
# at 123
#180320 21:16:59 server id 1  end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x3dd3cd98 	Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 154
#180320 21:26:14 server id 1  end_log_pos 177 CRC32 0xf878c05e 	Stop
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

--master-data=2带注释

[root@n1 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --master-data=2 --compact people
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p1` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛'),(1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `p2` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `p2` VALUES (1,'maotai'),(2,'毛台'),(3,'maomao'),(4,'毛毛');

mysqldump关键参数小结

mysqldump --help

参数	英文	解释
-B	--databases	指定多个库备份,增加建库语句和use语句
--compact	-	调试时后,精简注释(生产不用)
-A	--all-databases	--all-databases: 备份所有库
-F	--flush-logs	--flush-logs: 刷新binlog
--master-data	-	增加binlog日志文件名和对应的位置点
-l	--lock-all-tables	锁表
-x	--lock-tables	uobiao
-d	--no-data	只备份表结构
-t	--no-create-info	只是备份数据
--single-transaction	-	适合innodb事务型数据库(为保证数据一致性)

常规的备份(自己玩一玩)

如果db有事务,索引等,需要额外加一些别的参数

myisam备份命令:
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A -B -F --master-info=2 -x --events|gzip > all.sql.gz

innodb(推荐)备份命令:
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A -B -F --master-info=2 --single-transaction --events|gzip > all.sql.gz

--single-transaction: dump时候即使有数据提交,也看不到.不影响本次dump

dba推荐生产使用备份命令:

myisam备份命令:
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A -F  --flush-privileges --triggers --routines --events --hex-blob --master-info=1 -x	|gzip > all.sql.gz


innodb(推荐)备份命令:
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A -F --flush-privileges --triggers --routines --events --hex-blob --master-info=1 --single-transaction	|gzip > all.sql.gz


-R, --routines      Dump stored routines (functions and procedures). #生产一般会加上

db恢复实战:登录mysql source恢复

mysql> system ls /opt
all.sql.gz  people_bak_B.sql	 people_bak_multi.sql  people.gz
people2.gz  people_bak_B.sql.gz  people_bak.sql

mysql> source /opt/people_bak_B.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
...

通过sh命令恢复

- 如果备份时没有加-B
[root@n1 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/people_bak.sql 
ERROR 1046 (3D000) at line 22: No database selected
[root@n1 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456 people < /opt/people_bak.sql

- 如果加了-B: 无需制定库
[root@n1 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/people_bak_B.sql

压缩包恢复

- 先解压后恢复
[root@n1 opt]# gzip -d people2.gz #-d源文件被干掉了

- 先解压
[root@n1 opt]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515 Mar 20 20:32 people2.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 765 Mar 20 20:32 people.sql.gz
[root@n1 opt]# 
[root@n1 opt]# gzip -d *
[root@n1 opt]# ls
people2.sql  people.sql

- 去掉后缀,得到表名
[root@n1 opt]# ls *|sed 's#.sql##g'
people2
people

- 循环表名,逐个恢复
[root@n1 opt]# for tbname in `ls *|sed 's#.sql##g'`;do mysql -uroot -p123456 < ${tbname}.sql;done

-e 非登录执行sql命令

[root@n1 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "set names=latin1;show databases;"|grep -Evi "Dat|info|perf|sys"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql
people
people2

查看当前sql连接数: show processlist

[root@n1 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show processlist;"

执行多次发现同一个语句, 是慢查询,找出sql语句, 让开发建索引.

- 查看完整的sql语句
[root@n1 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show full processlist;"

[root@n1 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show full processlist;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State    | Info                  |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 20 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | starting | show full processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------+


State可能是sleep状态,sleep过多也不行

MySQL sleep连接过多的完美解决办法

当然，更根本的方法，还是从以上三点排查之：
1.　程序中，不使用持久链接，即使用mysql_connect而不是pconnect。
2. 程序执行完毕，应该显式调用mysql_close
3.　只能逐步分析系统的SQL查询，找到查询过慢的SQL,优化之

参考: 不登陆数据库执行mysql命令小结

mysql -u root -p'123456' -e "show full processlist;"|grep -v Sleep

参考: mysql数据库批量插入数据shell脚本实现

查看全局参数(优化:涉及到调优): show global status

- 查看计数器insert
[root@n1 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show global status;"|grep insert
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Com_insert	4
Com_insert_select	0
Delayed_insert_threads	0
Innodb_rows_inserted	32
Qcache_inserts	0

- 插入数据
mysql> insert into p1 values(1,'mm');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.32 sec)


[root@n1 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show global status;"|grep insert
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Com_insert	5
Com_insert_select	0
Delayed_insert_threads	0
Innodb_rows_inserted	33

状态命令小结

命令	说明
show status;	查看当前会话的数据库状态信息
show global status;	查看整个数据库运行状态信息,很重要面分析并作好监控
show processlist;	查看正在执行的sql语句,看不全.
show full processlist;	查看正在执行的sql语句,全.
set global key_buffer_size = 32777218;	不重启调整db参数,重启后失效
show variables;	查看db参数信息,如my,cnf参数生效情况

数据库连接慢问题解决,查处慢查询语句,优化建索引.

mysqbinlog的作用是?

什么是mysqlbinlog?

mysql-bin.000001
mysql-bin.000002
mysql-bin.000003
mysql-bin.000004
mysql-bin.000005

mysqlbinlog记录的内容是?

对db的更改都记录, 查询不记录.
mysql-bin.index用来记录mysql内部的增删改查等对mysql数据库有更新的内容的记录.

mysql> insert into p1 values (4,'mmc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.32 sec)

mysql> update p1 set id=10 where id=4;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (2.25 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from p1;

本来应该可以看到更改语句的,但是5.7好像转码了

[root@n1 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001 
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#180320 22:33:17 server id 1  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0xcf6a9f58 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 180320 22:33:17 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
rRuxWg8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjE3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACtG7FaEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
AVifas8=
'/*!*/;
# at 123
#180320 22:33:17 server id 1  end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x20d87df7 	Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 154
#180320 22:33:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x13fa964d 	Anonymous_GTID	last_committed=0	sequence_number=1
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 219
#180320 22:33:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 293 CRC32 0xb9dcb30b 	Query	thread_id=43	exec_time=0	error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1521556422/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=43/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 293
#180320 22:33:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 343 CRC32 0xd9acc6fb 	Table_map: `people`.`p1` mapped to number 233
# at 343
#180320 22:33:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 387 CRC32 0xc74cf4da 	Write_rows: table id 233 flags: STMT_END_F

BINLOG '
xhuxWhMBAAAAMgAAAFcBAAAAAOkAAAAAAAEABnBlb3BsZQACcDEAAgP+Av54A/vGrNk=
xhuxWh4BAAAALAAAAIMBAAAAAOkAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wEAAAAA21tY9r0TMc=
'/*!*/;
# at 387
#180320 22:33:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 418 CRC32 0x038a9985 	Xid = 334
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 418
#180320 22:34:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 483 CRC32 0x3b47deee 	Anonymous_GTID	last_committed=1	sequence_number=2
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 483
#180320 22:34:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 557 CRC32 0x0b8ff166 	Query	thread_id=43	exec_time=0	error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1521556462/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 557
#180320 22:34:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 607 CRC32 0xcd32d9ae 	Table_map: `people`.`p1` mapped to number 233
# at 607
#180320 22:34:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 709 CRC32 0x3409c7f6 	Update_rows: table id 233 flags: STMT_END_F

BINLOG '
7huxWhMBAAAAMgAAAF8CAAAAAOkAAAAAAAEABnBlb3BsZQACcDEAAgP+Av54A67ZMs0=
7huxWh8BAAAAZgAAAMUCAAAAAOkAAAAAAAEAAgAC///8BAAAAAbmr5vmr5v8CgAAAAbmr5vmr5v8
BAAAAAbmr5vmr5v8CgAAAAbmr5vmr5v8BAAAAANtbWP8CgAAAANtbWP2xwk0
'/*!*/;
# at 709
#180320 22:34:22 server id 1  end_log_pos 740 CRC32 0xb5fac9b2 	Xid = 335
COMMIT/*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

通过binlog恢复db实战

停掉mysql(会刷新binlog or reset master)
开始msyql,建库

create database people3;
use people3;
create table p1 (id int,name char(40));
insert into p1 values(1,'maotai');
insert into p1 values(2,'毛台');
insert into p1 values(3,'maomao');
insert into p1 values(4,'毛毛');

查看最新的binlog(5.7没看到insert,)

[root@n1 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#180320 22:41:19 server id 1  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0xc1ff049e 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 180320 22:41:19 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is
.....

导出sql,恢复

mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003 > people3.sql
mysql> drop database people3;

mysql -uroot -p123456 < people3.sql

早上10点库被某人删掉恢复案例: 全备+增量恢复

不停库增加从库

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --routines --single_transaction --master-data=2 --databases weibo > weibo.sql

--master-data=1和--master-data=2的区别

生产备份一般的=2,目的是能够找到全备的一个位置点,方便增量备份,而非让它启到什么实际作用

--master-data=1
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;


--master-data=2
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/iiiiher/p/8612846.html