转载：http://cloudacademy.com/blog/berkshelf-manage-chef-cookbooks/
Managing Chef Cookbooks the Berkshelf way
Chef cookbooks can become hard to handle; let’s talk about Berkshelf management tool
Chef is a configuration management tool written in Ruby. With Chef, you can build servers quickly and reliably using cookbooks (which are basically recipes, that can perform tasks like installing webservers, updating SSL’s, or configuring HA proxy servers). Cookbooks themselves can be managed through a tool called Berkshelf. If you noticed our title on your way in, you’ll know that Berkshelf is going to be the subject of this post.
Until now, you might have been managing your servers with growing numbers of scripts, perhaps spread across multiple directories or even multiple machines. As the need to deliver products to market quickly and the sheer numbers of servers we’ll use to do that continue to grow, we need a consistent, reliable, and secure way to manage it all. More importantly: the solution we choose should be simple and intuitive.
More often than not, Chef will fit those needs. It is an infrastructure automation framework that simplifies server and application deployments to any physical, virtual, or cloud location, no matter the size of the infrastructure.
Since your infrastructure will be managed with code, it can be automated, tested, and reproduced with ease. Chef itself is built from many moving parts, including knife, Chef client, Chef server, cookbooks, and nodes. Here, we will talk about cookbooks and how they can be efficiently managed using Berkshelf.
Just what is Berkshelf?
You often won’t need to actually write your cookbooks from scratch, as the community has all kinds of them – often ready to use in your environment without modification – available from the Opscode supermarket. To use a cookbook, you’ll need to download it and save it on your Chef workstation. To download each external cookbook from inside Global cookbook, this is what you would have to run:
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knife cookbook site download apache2
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Chef Repo: before Berkshelf
As terrific as Chef is, Berkshelf can really make a difference in the way you manage your Chef cookbooks and dependencies. Berkshelf lets you treat your cookbooks the way you treat gems in a Ruby project. When external cookbooks are used, Berkshelf doesn’t require “knife cookbook site” to install community cookbooks. All we have to do is mention the dependent cookbooks with its version number. When Chef client runs on nodes, berkshelf will automatically download and install all the dependent cookbooks from the Opscode cookbook community for us.
Chef repo: after Berkshelf
Implementing Berkshelf
Berkshelf requires a bit of set up. The easy way to install Berkshelf is:
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gem install berkshelf
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But that’s it. Berkshelf is now included as part of the Chef Development Kit (ChefDK), which installs the best development tools built by the awesome Chef community into your workstation. The omnibus installer is used to set up the Chef development kit on a workstation. Here’s how:
- Visit http://downloads.chef.io/chef-dk and select the omnibus installer for the desired platform.
- The Chef development kit supports Mac OS X, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Ubuntu, and Microsoft Windows.
- When the installation finishes, open a command line terminal and enter the following:
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chef verify
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- Ensure that the Chef-DK is added to the front of your path.
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PATH=$HOME/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:$PATH
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- Initilize a Berksfile into your cookbook.
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cd my-cookbook
berks init .
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- Specify your dependencies in a Berksfile in your cookbook’s root.
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source "https://supermarket.chef.io"
metadata
cookbook "apache"
cookbook "mysql", "~> 5.3"
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- Once the dependencies are mentioned in a berksfile, you can install them.
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berks install
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Berkshelf stores every version of a cookbook that you have ever installed in ~/.berkshelf.
- Once your cookbook is ready, you can upload it with all the dependent cookbooks using the following command.
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berks upload phpapp
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Bon appetit!