• [ 总结 ] nginx 负载均衡 及 缓存


    操作系统:centos6.4 x64

    前端使用nginx做反向代理,后端服务器为:apache + php + mysql

    1. nginx负载均衡。

    nginx编译安装(编译安装前面的文章已经写过)、apache + php + mysql 直接使用yum安装。

    nginx端口:80

    apache端口:800 和 8080

    nginx配置如下:

    在http节点下添加如下:

        upstream backend {
        ip_hash; server
    127.0.0.1:8080 weight=5 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 127.0.0.1:800 weight=10 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; }

    将server节点下的location节点中添加proxy_pass 配置为:http://+upstream名称

            location / {
                proxy_pass http://backend;
                #root   html;
                #index  index.html index.htm;
            }

    这样负载均衡就已经完成了。upstream策略如下:

    weight 权重

    指定轮询几率,weight和访问比率成正比,用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。上面的情况:127.0.0.1:800访问到的几率要比127.0.0.1:8080高一倍。

    ip_hash:

    每个请求按访问IP的hash结果分配,这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器,可以解决session的问题。

    upstream还可以为每个设备设置状态值,这些状态如下:

    down 表示当前的server暂时不参与负载。

    weight 默认为1,weight越大,负载的权重就越大。

    max_fails  允许请求失败的次数默认为1,当超过最大次数时,返回proxy_next_upstream模块定义的错误。

    fail_timeout max_fails次失败后,暂停的时间。

    backup 其他所有的非backup机器down或者忙的时候,请求backup机器。所以这台机器压力是最小的。

    2. nginx缓存设置

    建议:在设置nginx缓存时,最好能编译安装ngx_purge_module 模块。

    [root@cloud conf]# nginx -V
    nginx version: nginx/1.9.9
    built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) (GCC) 
    built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
    TLS SNI support enabled
    configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.3 
    --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module

    nginx 全部相关配置如下:

    user  nginx nginx;
    worker_processes  2;
    
    error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
    
    events {
        use epoll;
        multi_accept on;
        worker_connections  4096;
    }
    
    
    http {
        server_tokens  off;
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  logs/access.log  main;
        open_log_file_cache max=2000 inactive=20s min_uses=2 valid=1m;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    
        limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:5m;
        limit_conn addr 100;
    
        sendfile        on;
        tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        client_header_timeout 2m;
        client_body_timeout 3m;
        reset_timedout_connection on;
        send_timeout 15s;
        client_max_body_size 10m;
        client_body_buffer_size 512k;
    
        open_file_cache max=65535 inactive=20s;
        open_file_cache_valid 30s;
        open_file_cache_errors on;
        open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    
        gzip  on;
        gzip_disable "msie6";
        gzip_proxied any;
        gzip_comp_level 4;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_min_length 1k;
        gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javasc
    ript;
    
        proxy_connect_timeout 5;
        proxy_read_timeout 60;
        proxy_send_timeout 5;
        proxy_buffer_size 16k;
        proxy_buffers 4 64k;
        proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
        proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    #注:proxy_temp_path和proxy_cache_path指定的路径必须在同一分区 proxy_temp_path
    /cache/proxy_temp_dir;    # 创建临时缓存目录
    #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_one,内存缓存空间大小为200MB,1天没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。 proxy_cache_path /cache/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=
    30g;
    upstream backend { ip_hash; server
    127.0.0.1:8080 weight=5 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30; server 127.0.0.1:800 weight=10 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / {
    #如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误,自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器,实现故障转移。
         proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;   proxy_pass http:
    //backend; proxy_cache cache_one; proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;  #对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间
    #以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值,Nginx根据Key值哈希,存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内
         proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args; expires 1d;
    #root html; #index index.html index.htm; } location
    ~ /purge(/.*) { proxy_cache_purge cache_one $host$1$is_args$args; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ .php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ .php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hukey/p/5359507.html
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