在项目中,实现多语言基本山是基本需求,虽然Qt支持跨平台,但在linux和windows上实现多语言的方式还是细微区别的,废话不多说,直接进入主题吧。
Qt实现多语言,是用过QTranslator加载文件,然后用QCoreApplication::installTranslator(m_tran)进行安装即可。在linux上,需要加载的是*.ts文件。其格式如下(language_ch.ts):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE TS> <TS version="2.1" language="ch"> <context> <message id="CON_TXT001"> <translation>同时只做一件事,并把它做好。</translation> </message> <message id="CON_TXT002"> <translation>中文</translation> </message> <message id="CON_TXT003"> <translation>英文</translation> </message> </context> </TS>
在window上加载的是*.qm文件,*.qm是通过*.ts转转化而来的,转步骤如下:
1、打开window的命令窗口,进入到D:QtQt5.3.25.3mingw482_32in目录下(Qt的安装目录);
2、将需要转化的ts文件拷贝到D:QtQt5.3.25.3mingw482_32in目录下(如language_ch.ts和language_en.ts);
3、在window命令窗口输入 :lrelease -idbased language_en.ts,按回车键。同理输入lrelease -idbased language_ch.ts,按回车;
4、这时在D:QtQt5.3.25.3mingw482_32in下就会生成language_ch.qm和language_en.qm。
上面是*.ts和*.qm文件制作的方法,注意一个ts文件仅仅对应一种语言。在看看如何在代码中使用吧,我自己也写了个小demo,代码如下:
clanguage.h
#ifndef CLANGUUAGE_H #define CLANGUUAGE_H #include <QObject> #include <QTranslator> #include <QtQml> #include <QQmlEngine> #include <QDebug> #include <QCoreApplication> #include <QQmlApplicationEngine> #include <QString> class CLanguuage : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public: typedef enum { LANGUAGE_CH, LANGUAGE_EN, LANHUAGE_NUM, }LANGUAGE_TYPE; Q_ENUMS(LANGUAGE_TYPE) //注册枚举到QML explicit CLanguuage(QObject *parent = 0); explicit CLanguuage(QQmlEngine* engine, QObject *parent = 0); ~CLanguuage(); Q_PROPERTY(QString strTag READ getStrTag NOTIFY strTagChanged) //注册有个属性到QML Q_INVOKABLE void requestChangedLanguage(LANGUAGE_TYPE type); //注册一个方法到QMl QString getStrTag(void); signals: void strTagChanged(void); public slots: private: QQmlEngine* m_pRoot; QTranslator* m_tran; }; #endif // CLANGUUAGE_H
clanguage.cpp
#include "clanguage.h" CLanguuage::CLanguuage(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent) ,m_pRoot(NULL) { m_tran = new QTranslator(); m_pRoot->rootContext()->setContextProperty("myLanguage", this); //将C++对象作为属性注册到QML } CLanguuage::CLanguuage(QQmlEngine* engine, QObject *parent) : QObject(parent) ,m_pRoot(engine) { m_tran = new QTranslator(); m_pRoot->rootContext()->setContextProperty("myLanguage", this); //将C++对象作为属性注册到QML } CLanguuage::~CLanguuage() { if(NULL != m_tran) { delete m_tran; m_tran = NULL; } } void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage(LANGUAGE_TYPE type) { qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() type = "<<type; QString strPath; switch(type) { case CLanguuage::LANGUAGE_CH: #ifdef Q_OS_WIN //window strPath = "language_ch.qm"; #else //linux strPath = "language_ch.ts"; #endif break; case CLanguuage::LANGUAGE_EN: #ifdef Q_OS_WIN strPath = "language_en.qm"; #else strPath = "language_en.ts"; #endif break; default: #ifdef Q_OS_WIN strPath = "language_en.qm"; #else strPath = "language_en.ts"; #endif break; } if(NULL != m_tran) { bool ret = false; qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() strPath = "<<strPath; ret = m_tran->load(strPath); qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() A ret = "<<ret; ret = false; ret = QCoreApplication::installTranslator(m_tran); emit strTagChanged(); qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() B ret = "<<ret; } } QString CLanguuage::getStrTag(void) { return ""; }
main.qml
import QtQuick 2.3 import QtQuick.Window 2.2 import QtQuick.Controls 1.2 import Test.Com 1.0 Window { visible: true 440 height: 360 Button { id:chineseBtn 220 height:30 text:qsTrId("CON_TXT002")+myLanguage.strTag onClicked: { myLanguage.requestChangedLanguage(ZH.LANGUAGE_CN) console.log(" zh chinese button clicked") } } Button { id:englishBtn x:220 220 height:30 text:qsTrId("CON_TXT003")+myLanguage.strTag onClicked: { myLanguage.requestChangedLanguage(ZH.LANGUAGE_EN) console.log(" zh english button clicked.") } } Text { font.pixelSize: 24 text: qsTrId("CON_TXT001")+myLanguage.strTag color: "#6e16e0" anchors.centerIn: parent } }
main.cpp
#include <QGuiApplication> #include "clanguage.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QGuiApplication app(argc, argv); QQmlApplicationEngine* engine = new QQmlApplicationEngine(); qmlRegisterType<CLanguuage>("Test.Com", 1, 0, "ZH"); //将C++类型注册到QML CLanguuage lang(engine); lang.requestChangedLanguage(CLanguuage::LANGUAGE_CH ); engine->load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"))); return app.exec(); }
上面代码中,如果还不知道C++和QML联合编程的,可以看看我上一篇博客《C++和QML联合编程》。上面代码的中英文切换的主要看clanguage.cpp的:
void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage(LANGUAGE_TYPE type) { qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() type = "<<type; QString strPath; switch(type) { case CLanguuage::LANGUAGE_CH: #ifdef Q_OS_WIN //window strPath = "language_ch.qm"; #else //linux strPath = "language_ch.ts"; #endif break; case CLanguuage::LANGUAGE_EN: #ifdef Q_OS_WIN strPath = "language_en.qm"; #else strPath = "language_en.ts"; #endif break; default: #ifdef Q_OS_WIN strPath = "language_en.qm"; #else strPath = "language_en.ts"; #endif break; } if(NULL != m_tran) { bool ret = false; qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() strPath = "<<strPath; ret = m_tran->load(strPath); qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() A ret = "<<ret; ret = false; ret = QCoreApplication::installTranslator(m_tran); emit strTagChanged(); qDebug()<<" void CLanguuage::requestChangedLanguage() B ret = "<<ret; } }
这段代码通过Qt区分系统Q_OS_WIN宏来区分是window还是linux,在window下加载qm文件,在linux下加载ts文件,然后通过调用QTranslator的load函数进行加载文言文件路径,再通过QCoreApplication::installTranslator(m_tran)加载即可。在qml中,做了2个button两切换中英文,运行效果如下:
点击中文: 点击英文:
注意事项:
1、项目编译debug或release配置的文件路径下一定要将ts和qm文件放在里面,不然是读取不到文言的;
2、在qml中加载文言的都有句qsTrId("CON_TXT003")+myLanguage.strTag,如果仅仅是qsTrId("CON_TXT003")没有+myLanguage.strTag,运行后是什么文言,会一直显示什么文言,没有办法切换的,这是因为在仅是qsTrId("CON_TXT003"),点击切换文言是没有刷新,所以在注册一个属性strTag到qml,在文言变化的时候,发射和属性相关联的信号,如文中在clanguage.cpp中的 emit strTagChanged(),这样文言切换后,qml就会进行文言刷新。
3、上面demo我在window上运行过,在linxu没有运行(偷懒了^^),但是我之前在linux上运行过加载ts文件,和上面的方式是一样,所以这个demo在linux上应该也是没有问题的。
4、运行demo要求要确保运行的系统上有字体文件,就是*.ttf文件,在window上默认就是有的,但是在一些嵌入式ARM版本上,是需要人为的部署进去的。