Linux下安装MySQL5.7及遇到的问题解决方法

一、下载地址

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

本文安装的版本：

或者使用wget下载：

  [root@localhost opt]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.32-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
  [root@localhost opt]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.32-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 

二、检查是否已经安装过mysql

  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
  # 若出现：mysql-libs*
  [root@localhost /]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs* #进行卸载
  # 再次执行查询命令，查看是否删除
  [root@localhost /]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
  # 若没有mysql字样出现，说明mysql已卸载
  # 查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹
  [root@localhost /]# whereis mysql
  mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql
  [root@localhost lib]# find / -name mysql
  /data/mysql
  /data/mysql/mysql
  # 删除相关目录或文件
  [root@localhost /]#  rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql /data/mysql /data/mysql/mysql 

三、安装

  [root@localhost opt]# mv mysql-5.7.32-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
  [root@localhost opt]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
  [root@localhost opt]# groupadd mysql
  [root@localhost opt]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
  [root@localhost opt]# chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql

  [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 

  [root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
  [root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql --initialize

  [root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
  [root@localhost bin]# service mysql start

  [root@localhost bin]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb
  [root@localhost bin]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
  [root@localhost bin]# chown mysql:mysql -R /var/log/mariadb
  [root@localhost bin]# service mysql start

四、RPM安装：

下载下图中的四个包：

  [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
  [root@localhost opt]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  [root@localhost opt]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  [root@localhost opt]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  [root@localhost opt]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
  mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  [root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  [root@localhost opt]# systemctl start mysqld

四、修改MySQL密码及开发远程连接

  修改MySQL初始密码：
  [root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
  Enter password: 

  mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '新密码';

  退出，使用新密码重新登陆
  
  开放远程连接
  mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '密码';