feign:(推荐使用)
Feign是受到Retrofit,JAXRS-2.0和WebSocket的影响,它是一个jav的到http客户端绑定的开源项目。 Feign的主要目标是将Java Http 客户端变得简单.减少配置文件,实现基于注解零配置调用
源码分析:
feign的实现:
1>启动类加注解:@EnableFeignClients
2> feign实现:
3> 接口调用
这是feign的实现过程:这是代码实现,注意还需要配置文件,又不懂的参考我博客 springcloud 入门 3 (服务之间的调用)
源码层次:
1>源码入口:@FeignClient
note:在正式进入源码之前,我先介绍一个包:spring-cloud-openfeign-core.后面所有的源码基本上都在这个包里。为啥我要先介绍一下呢。因为以前总说feign整合了ribbon,那我们从哪看出来呢?
下面我来带大家看一下包结构就清楚了。
剩下的自己可以更进一步去追源码,看是怎么封装整合的!在这我就不往下追了,
2> Feign源码实现:
FeignClient的配置
默认的配置类为FeignClientsConfiguration,这个类在spring-cloud-netflix-core的jar包下,打开这个类,可以发现它是一个配置类,注入了很多的相关配置的bean,包括 feignRetryer、FeignLoggerFactory、FormattingConversionService等,其中还包括了Decoder、Encoder、Contract,如果这三个bean在没有注入的情况下,会自动注入默认的配置。
- Decoder feignDecoder: ResponseEntityDecoder(这是对SpringDecoder的封装)
- Encoder feignEncoder: SpringEncoder
- Logger feignLogger: Slf4jLogger
- Contract feignContract: SpringMvcContract
- Feign.Builder feignBuilder: HystrixFeign.Builder
Feign的工作原理
feign是一个伪客户端,即它不做任何的请求处理。Feign通过处理注解生成request,从而实现简化HTTP API开发的目的,即开发人员可以使用注解的方式定制request api模板,在发送http request请求之前,feign通过处理注解的方式替换掉request模板中的参数,这种实现方式显得更为直接、可理解。通过包扫描注入FeignClient的bean,该源码在FeignClientsRegistrar类:
首先在启动配置上检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解,如果有该注解,则开启包扫描,扫描被@FeignClient注解接口
1 private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata, 2 BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { 3 Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata 4 .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true); 5 6 if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) { 7 String name; 8 if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) { 9 name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName(); 10 } 11 else { 12 name = "default." + metadata.getClassName(); 13 } 14 registerClientConfiguration(registry, name, 15 defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration")); 16 } 17 }
程序启动后通过包扫描,当类有@FeignClient注解,将注解的信息取出,连同类名一起取出,赋给BeanDefinitionBuilder,然后根据BeanDefinitionBuilder得到beanDefinition,最后beanDefinition式注入到ioc容器中,源码如下:
1 public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata, 2 BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { 3 ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner(); 4 scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader); 5 6 Set<String> basePackages; 7 8 Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata 9 .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName()); 10 AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter( 11 FeignClient.class); 12 final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null 13 : (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients"); 14 if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) { 15 scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter); 16 basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata); 17 } 18 else { 19 final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>(); 20 basePackages = new HashSet<>(); 21 for (Class<?> clazz : clients) { 22 basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz)); 23 clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName()); 24 } 25 AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() { 26 @Override 27 protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) { 28 String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\$", "."); 29 return clientClasses.contains(cleaned); 30 } 31 }; 32 scanner.addIncludeFilter( 33 new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter))); 34 } 35 36 for (String basePackage : basePackages) { 37 Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner 38 .findCandidateComponents(basePackage); 39 for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) { 40 if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) { 41 // verify annotated class is an interface 42 AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent; 43 AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata(); 44 Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(), 45 "@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface"); 46 47 Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata 48 .getAnnotationAttributes( 49 FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName()); 50 51 String name = getClientName(attributes); 52 registerClientConfiguration(registry, name, 53 attributes.get("configuration")); 54 55 registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes); 56 } 57 } 58 } 59 } 60 61 62 private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, 63 AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) { 64 String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName(); 65 BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder 66 .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class); 67 validate(attributes); 68 definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes)); 69 definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes)); 70 String name = getName(attributes); 71 definition.addPropertyValue("name", name); 72 definition.addPropertyValue("type", className); 73 definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404")); 74 definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback")); 75 definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory")); 76 definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE); 77 78 String alias = name + "FeignClient"; 79 AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition(); 80 81 boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null 82 83 beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary); 84 85 String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes); 86 if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) { 87 alias = qualifier; 88 } 89 90 BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className, 91 new String[] { alias }); 92 BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry); 93 }
注入bean之后,通过jdk的代理,当请求Feign Client的方法时会被拦截,代码在ReflectiveFeign类,代码如下:
1 public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) { 2 Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target); 3 Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>(); 4 List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>(); 5 6 for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) { 7 if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) { 8 continue; 9 } else if(Util.isDefault(method)) { 10 DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method); 11 defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler); 12 methodToHandler.put(method, handler); 13 } else { 14 methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method))); 15 } 16 } 17 InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler); 18 T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{target.type()}, handler); 19 20 for(DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) { 21 defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy); 22 } 23 return proxy; 24 }
在SynchronousMethodHandler类进行拦截处理,当被FeignClient的方法被拦截会根据参数生成RequestTemplate对象,该对象就是http请求的模板,代码如下:
@Override public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable { RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv); Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone(); while (true) { try { return executeAndDecode(template); } catch (RetryableException e) { retryer.continueOrPropagate(e); if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) { logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel); } continue; } } }
其中有个executeAndDecode()方法,该方法是通RequestTemplate生成Request请求对象,然后根据用client获取response。
Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable { Request request = targetRequest(template); ...//省略代码 response = client.execute(request, options); ...//省略代码 }
Client组件
其中Client组件是一个非常重要的组件,Feign最终发送request请求以及接收response响应,都是由Client组件完成的,其中Client的实现类,只要有Client.Default,该类由HttpURLConnnection实现网络请求,另外还支持HttpClient、Okhttp.
首先来看以下在FeignRibbonClient的自动配置类,FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration ,主要在工程启动的时候注入一些bean,其代码如下:
@ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class }) @Configuration @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class) public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory, SpringClientFactory clientFactory) { return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null), cachingFactory, clientFactory); } }
在缺失配置feignClient的情况下,会自动注入new Client.Default(),跟踪Client.Default()源码,它使用的网络请求框架为HttpURLConnection,代码如下:
1 @Override 2 public Response execute(Request request, Options options) throws IOException { 3 HttpURLConnection connection = convertAndSend(request, options); 4 return convertResponse(connection).toBuilder().request(request).build(); 5 }
怎么在feign中使用HttpClient,查看FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration的源码
1 @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class }) 2 @Configuration 3 @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class) 4 public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration { 5 ...//省略代码 6 7 @Configuration 8 @ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class) 9 @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "feign.httpclient.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) 10 protected static class HttpClientFeignLoadBalancedConfiguration { 11 12 @Autowired(required = false) 13 private HttpClient httpClient; 14 15 @Bean 16 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(Client.class) 17 public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory, 18 SpringClientFactory clientFactory) { 19 ApacheHttpClient delegate; 20 if (this.httpClient != null) { 21 delegate = new ApacheHttpClient(this.httpClient); 22 } 23 else { 24 delegate = new ApacheHttpClient(); 25 } 26 return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(delegate, cachingFactory, clientFactory); 27 } 28 } 29 30 ...//省略代码 31 }
从代码@ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)注解可知道,只需要在pom文件加上HttpClient的classpath就行了,另外需要在配置文件上加上feign.httpclient.enabled为true,从 @ConditionalOnProperty注解可知,这个可以不写,在默认的情况下就为true.
在pom文件加上:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
同理,如果想要feign使用Okhttp,则只需要在pom文件上加上feign-okhttp的依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
feign的负载均衡是怎么样实现的呢?
通过上述的FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration类配置Client的类型(httpurlconnection,okhttp和httpclient)时候,可知最终向容器注入的是LoadBalancerFeignClient,即负载均衡客户端。现在来看下LoadBalancerFeignClient的代码:
1 @Override 2 public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException { 3 try { 4 URI asUri = URI.create(request.url()); 5 String clientName = asUri.getHost(); 6 URI uriWithoutHost = cleanUrl(request.url(), clientName); 7 FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest ribbonRequest = new FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest( 8 this.delegate, request, uriWithoutHost); 9 10 IClientConfig requestConfig = getClientConfig(options, clientName); 11 return lbClient(clientName).executeWithLoadBalancer(ribbonRequest, 12 requestConfig).toResponse(); 13 } 14 catch (ClientException e) { 15 IOException io = findIOException(e); 16 if (io != null) { 17 throw io; 18 } 19 throw new RuntimeException(e); 20 } 21 }
其中有个executeWithLoadBalancer()方法,即通过负载均衡的方式请求。
public T executeWithLoadBalancer(final S request, final IClientConfig requestConfig) throws ClientException { RequestSpecificRetryHandler handler = getRequestSpecificRetryHandler(request, requestConfig); LoadBalancerCommand<T> command = LoadBalancerCommand.<T>builder() .withLoadBalancerContext(this) .withRetryHandler(handler) .withLoadBalancerURI(request.getUri()) .build(); try { return command.submit( new ServerOperation<T>() { @Override public Observable<T> call(Server server) { URI finalUri = reconstructURIWithServer(server, request.getUri()); S requestForServer = (S) request.replaceUri(finalUri); try { return Observable.just(AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient.this.execute(requestForServer, requestConfig)); } catch (Exception e) { return Observable.error(e); } } }) .toBlocking() .single(); } catch (Exception e) { Throwable t = e.getCause(); if (t instanceof ClientException) { throw (ClientException) t; } else { throw new ClientException(e); } } }
其中服务在submit()方法上,点击submit进入具体的方法,这个方法是LoadBalancerCommand的方法:
Observable<T> o = (server == null ? selectServer() : Observable.just(server)) .concatMap(new Func1<Server, Observable<T>>() { @Override // Called for each server being selected public Observable<T> call(Server server) { context.setServer(server); }}
上述代码中有个selectServe(),该方法是选择服务的进行负载均衡的方法,代码如下:
private Observable<Server> selectServer() { return Observable.create(new OnSubscribe<Server>() { @Override public void call(Subscriber<? super Server> next) { try { Server server = loadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer(loadBalancerURI, loadBalancerKey); next.onNext(server); next.onCompleted(); } catch (Exception e) { next.onError(e); } } }); }
最终负载均衡交给loadBalancerContext来处理,
总结
总到来说,Feign的源码实现的过程如下:
- 首先通过@EnableFeignCleints注解开启FeignCleint
- 根据Feign的规则实现接口,并加@FeignCleint注解
- 程序启动后,会进行包扫描,扫描所有的@ FeignCleint的注解的类,并将这些信息注入到ioc容器中。
- 当接口的方法被调用,通过jdk的代理,来生成具体的RequesTemplate
- RequesTemplate在生成Request
- Request交给Client去处理,其中Client可以是HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient也可以是Okhttp
- 最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类,这个类结合类Ribbon做到了负载均衡。