• springcloud 入门 5 (feign源码分析)


    feign:(推荐使用)

      Feign是受到Retrofit,JAXRS-2.0和WebSocket的影响,它是一个jav的到http客户端绑定的开源项目。 Feign的主要目标是将Java Http 客户端变得简单.减少配置文件,实现基于注解零配置调用

    源码分析:

      feign的实现:

       1>启动类加注解:@EnableFeignClients

        

       2> feign实现:

        

       3> 接口调用 

        

      这是feign的实现过程:这是代码实现,注意还需要配置文件,又不懂的参考我博客 springcloud 入门 3 (服务之间的调用)

    源码层次:

      1>源码入口:@FeignClient

       

      note:在正式进入源码之前,我先介绍一个包:spring-cloud-openfeign-core.后面所有的源码基本上都在这个包里。为啥我要先介绍一下呢。因为以前总说feign整合了ribbon,那我们从哪看出来呢?

      下面我来带大家看一下包结构就清楚了。

        

       剩下的自己可以更进一步去追源码,看是怎么封装整合的!在这我就不往下追了,

      2> Feign源码实现:

         FeignClient的配置

          默认的配置类为FeignClientsConfiguration,这个类在spring-cloud-netflix-core的jar包下,打开这个类,可以发现它是一个配置类,注入了很多的相关配置的bean,包括      feignRetryer、FeignLoggerFactory、FormattingConversionService等,其中还包括了Decoder、Encoder、Contract,如果这三个bean在没有注入的情况下,会自动注入默认的配置。

    • Decoder feignDecoder: ResponseEntityDecoder(这是对SpringDecoder的封装)
    • Encoder feignEncoder: SpringEncoder
    • Logger feignLogger: Slf4jLogger
    • Contract feignContract: SpringMvcContract
    • Feign.Builder feignBuilder: HystrixFeign.Builder

      

      

      Feign的工作原理

         feign是一个伪客户端,即它不做任何的请求处理。Feign通过处理注解生成request,从而实现简化HTTP API开发的目的,即开发人员可以使用注解的方式定制request api模板,在发送http request请求之前,feign通过处理注解的方式替换掉request模板中的参数,这种实现方式显得更为直接、可理解。通过包扫描注入FeignClient的bean,该源码在FeignClientsRegistrar类: 

    首先在启动配置上检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解,如果有该注解,则开启包扫描,扫描被@FeignClient注解接口

      

     1 private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
     2             BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
     3         Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata
     4                 .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true);
     5 
     6         if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) {
     7             String name;
     8             if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) {
     9                 name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName();
    10             }
    11             else {
    12                 name = "default." + metadata.getClassName();
    13             }
    14             registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
    15                     defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration"));
    16         }
    17     }

    程序启动后通过包扫描,当类有@FeignClient注解,将注解的信息取出,连同类名一起取出,赋给BeanDefinitionBuilder,然后根据BeanDefinitionBuilder得到beanDefinition,最后beanDefinition式注入到ioc容器中,源码如下:

     1 public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
     2             BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
     3         ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
     4         scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
     5 
     6         Set<String> basePackages;
     7 
     8         Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
     9                 .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
    10         AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
    11                 FeignClient.class);
    12         final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
    13                 : (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
    14         if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
    15             scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
    16             basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
    17         }
    18         else {
    19             final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
    20             basePackages = new HashSet<>();
    21             for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
    22                 basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
    23                 clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
    24             }
    25             AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
    26                 @Override
    27                 protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
    28                     String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\$", ".");
    29                     return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
    30                 }
    31             };
    32             scanner.addIncludeFilter(
    33                     new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
    34         }
    35 
    36         for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
    37             Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
    38                     .findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
    39             for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
    40                 if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
    41                     // verify annotated class is an interface
    42                     AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
    43                     AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
    44                     Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
    45                             "@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");
    46 
    47                     Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
    48                             .getAnnotationAttributes(
    49                                     FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
    50 
    51                     String name = getClientName(attributes);
    52                     registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
    53                             attributes.get("configuration"));
    54 
    55                     registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
    56                 }
    57             }
    58         }
    59     }
    60 
    61 
    62 private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
    63             AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
    64         String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
    65         BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
    66                 .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
    67         validate(attributes);
    68         definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
    69         definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
    70         String name = getName(attributes);
    71         definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
    72         definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
    73         definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
    74         definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
    75         definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
    76         definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);
    77 
    78         String alias = name + "FeignClient";
    79         AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();
    80 
    81         boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null
    82 
    83         beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);
    84 
    85         String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
    86         if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
    87             alias = qualifier;
    88         }
    89 
    90         BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
    91                 new String[] { alias });
    92         BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
    93     }
     

    注入bean之后,通过jdk的代理,当请求Feign Client的方法时会被拦截,代码在ReflectiveFeign类,代码如下:

     1  public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
     2     Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
     3     Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();
     4     List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();
     5 
     6     for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
     7       if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
     8         continue;
     9       } else if(Util.isDefault(method)) {
    10         DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
    11         defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
    12         methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
    13       } else {
    14         methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
    15       }
    16     }
    17     InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
    18     T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{target.type()}, handler);
    19 
    20     for(DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
    21       defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
    22     }
    23     return proxy;
    24   }

    在SynchronousMethodHandler类进行拦截处理,当被FeignClient的方法被拦截会根据参数生成RequestTemplate对象,该对象就是http请求的模板,代码如下:

     @Override
      public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
        RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
        Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
        while (true) {
          try {
            return executeAndDecode(template);
          } catch (RetryableException e) {
            retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
            if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
              logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
            }
            continue;
          }
        }
      }

    其中有个executeAndDecode()方法,该方法是通RequestTemplate生成Request请求对象,然后根据用client获取response。

    Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
        Request request = targetRequest(template);
        ...//省略代码
        response = client.execute(request, options);
        ...//省略代码
    
    }

    Client组件

    其中Client组件是一个非常重要的组件,Feign最终发送request请求以及接收response响应,都是由Client组件完成的,其中Client的实现类,只要有Client.Default,该类由HttpURLConnnection实现网络请求,另外还支持HttpClient、Okhttp.

    首先来看以下在FeignRibbonClient的自动配置类,FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration ,主要在工程启动的时候注入一些bean,其代码如下:

    @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
    @Configuration
    @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
    public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
                SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
            return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null),
                    cachingFactory, clientFactory);
        }
    
    }

    在缺失配置feignClient的情况下,会自动注入new Client.Default(),跟踪Client.Default()源码,它使用的网络请求框架为HttpURLConnection,代码如下:

    1 @Override
    2     public Response execute(Request request, Options options) throws IOException {
    3       HttpURLConnection connection = convertAndSend(request, options);
    4       return convertResponse(connection).toBuilder().request(request).build();
    5     }

    怎么在feign中使用HttpClient,查看FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration的源码

     1 @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
     2 @Configuration
     3 @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
     4 public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {
     5 ...//省略代码
     6 
     7 @Configuration
     8     @ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)
     9     @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "feign.httpclient.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    10     protected static class HttpClientFeignLoadBalancedConfiguration {
    11 
    12         @Autowired(required = false)
    13         private HttpClient httpClient;
    14 
    15         @Bean
    16         @ConditionalOnMissingBean(Client.class)
    17         public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
    18                 SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
    19             ApacheHttpClient delegate;
    20             if (this.httpClient != null) {
    21                 delegate = new ApacheHttpClient(this.httpClient);
    22             }
    23             else {
    24                 delegate = new ApacheHttpClient();
    25             }
    26             return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(delegate, cachingFactory, clientFactory);
    27         }
    28     }
    29 
    30 ...//省略代码
    31 }

    从代码@ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)注解可知道,只需要在pom文件加上HttpClient的classpath就行了,另外需要在配置文件上加上feign.httpclient.enabled为true,从 @ConditionalOnProperty注解可知,这个可以不写,在默认的情况下就为true.

    在pom文件加上:

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    

    同理,如果想要feign使用Okhttp,则只需要在pom文件上加上feign-okhttp的依赖:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    feign的负载均衡是怎么样实现的呢?

    通过上述的FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration类配置Client的类型(httpurlconnection,okhttp和httpclient)时候,可知最终向容器注入的是LoadBalancerFeignClient,即负载均衡客户端。现在来看下LoadBalancerFeignClient的代码:

     1  @Override
     2     public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException {
     3         try {
     4             URI asUri = URI.create(request.url());
     5             String clientName = asUri.getHost();
     6             URI uriWithoutHost = cleanUrl(request.url(), clientName);
     7             FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest ribbonRequest = new FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest(
     8                     this.delegate, request, uriWithoutHost);
     9 
    10             IClientConfig requestConfig = getClientConfig(options, clientName);
    11             return lbClient(clientName).executeWithLoadBalancer(ribbonRequest,
    12                     requestConfig).toResponse();
    13         }
    14         catch (ClientException e) {
    15             IOException io = findIOException(e);
    16             if (io != null) {
    17                 throw io;
    18             }
    19             throw new RuntimeException(e);
    20         }
    21     }

    其中有个executeWithLoadBalancer()方法,即通过负载均衡的方式请求。

     public T executeWithLoadBalancer(final S request, final IClientConfig requestConfig) throws ClientException {
            RequestSpecificRetryHandler handler = getRequestSpecificRetryHandler(request, requestConfig);
            LoadBalancerCommand<T> command = LoadBalancerCommand.<T>builder()
                    .withLoadBalancerContext(this)
                    .withRetryHandler(handler)
                    .withLoadBalancerURI(request.getUri())
                    .build();
    
            try {
                return command.submit(
                    new ServerOperation<T>() {
                        @Override
                        public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
                            URI finalUri = reconstructURIWithServer(server, request.getUri());
                            S requestForServer = (S) request.replaceUri(finalUri);
                            try {
                                return Observable.just(AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient.this.execute(requestForServer, requestConfig));
                            } 
                            catch (Exception e) {
                                return Observable.error(e);
                            }
                        }
                    })
                    .toBlocking()
                    .single();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Throwable t = e.getCause();
                if (t instanceof ClientException) {
                    throw (ClientException) t;
                } else {
                    throw new ClientException(e);
                }
            }
    
        }   

    其中服务在submit()方法上,点击submit进入具体的方法,这个方法是LoadBalancerCommand的方法:

     Observable<T> o = 
                    (server == null ? selectServer() : Observable.just(server))
                    .concatMap(new Func1<Server, Observable<T>>() {
                        @Override
                        // Called for each server being selected
                        public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
                            context.setServer(server);
    
            }}

    上述代码中有个selectServe(),该方法是选择服务的进行负载均衡的方法,代码如下:

    private Observable<Server> selectServer() {
            return Observable.create(new OnSubscribe<Server>() {
                @Override
                public void call(Subscriber<? super Server> next) {
                    try {
                        Server server = loadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer(loadBalancerURI, loadBalancerKey);   
                        next.onNext(server);
                        next.onCompleted();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        next.onError(e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

    最终负载均衡交给loadBalancerContext来处理,

    总结

    总到来说,Feign的源码实现的过程如下:

    • 首先通过@EnableFeignCleints注解开启FeignCleint
    • 根据Feign的规则实现接口,并加@FeignCleint注解
    • 程序启动后,会进行包扫描,扫描所有的@ FeignCleint的注解的类,并将这些信息注入到ioc容器中。
    • 当接口的方法被调用,通过jdk的代理,来生成具体的RequesTemplate
    • RequesTemplate在生成Request
    • Request交给Client去处理,其中Client可以是HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient也可以是Okhttp
    • 最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类,这个类结合类Ribbon做到了负载均衡。

      

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huhongy/p/9578336.html
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