Theano笔记

scan函数

theano.scan(fn, sequences=None, outputs_info=None,non_sequences=None, n_steps=None, truncate_gradient=-1,go_backwards=False, mode=None, name=None, profile=False)

 outputs_info is the list of Theano variables or dictionaries describing the initial state of the outputs computed recurrently. 

fn是每一步所用的函数，sequences是输入，outputs_info是scan输出在起始的状态。sequences and outputs_info are all parameters of fn in ordered sequence.

scan(fn, sequences = [ dict(input= Sequence1, taps = [-3,2,-1])
                     , Sequence2
                     , dict(input =  Sequence3, taps = 3) ]
       , outputs_info = [ dict(initial =  Output1, taps = [-3,-5])
                        , dict(initial = Output2, taps = None)
                        , Output3 ]
       , non_sequences = [ Argument1, Argument2])

fn should expect the following arguments in this given order:

1. Sequence1[t-3]
2. Sequence1[t+2]
3. Sequence1[t-1]
4. Sequence2[t]
5. Sequence3[t+3]
6. Output1[t-3]
7. Output1[t-5]
8. Output3[t-1]
9. Argument1
10. Argument2

import theano
import theano.tensor as T
mode = theano.Mode(linker='cvm')
import numpy as np


def fun(a,b):
return a+b
input=T.vector("input")
output,update=theano.scan(fun,sequences=input,outputs_info=[T.as_tensor_variable(np.asarray(1,input.dtype))])

out=theano.function(inputs=[input],outputs=output)

in1=numpy.array([1,2,3])
print out(in1)

 def fun(a,b):
return a+b
input=T.matrix("input")
output,update=theano.scan(fun,sequences=input,outputs_info=[T.as_tensor_variable(np.asarray([0,0,0],input.dtype))])

out=theano.function(inputs=[input,],outputs=output)

in1=numpy.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print(in1)
print out(in1)

shared variables相当于全局变量，The value can be accessed and modified by the.get_value() and .set_value() methods.  在function里用updata来修改可以并行。

scan的输出是一个symbol，用来在后面的theano function里作为output和update的规则。当sequences=None时，n_steps应有一个值来限制对后面theano function里的input的循环次数。当sequences不为空时，theano function直接对sequences循环：

components, updates = theano.scan(fn=lambda coefficient, power, free_variable: coefficient * (free_variable ** power),
                                  outputs_info=None,
                                  sequences=[coefficients, theano.tensor.arange(max_coefficients_supported)],
                                  non_sequences=x)

这个例子中，

theano.tensor.arange(max_coefficients_supported)类似于enumerate的index，coefficientes相当与enumerate里到序列值。这里根据顺序，x为free_variable.

Debug：

http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/tutorial/debug_faq.html

theano.config.compute_test_value = 'warn'

• off: Default behavior. This debugging mechanism is inactive.
• raise: Compute test values on the fly. Any variable for which a test value is required, but not provided by the user, is treated as an error. An exception is raised accordingly.
• warn: Idem, but a warning is issued instead of an Exception.
• ignore: Silently ignore the computation of intermediate test values, if a variable is missing a test value.

import theano

def inspect_inputs(i, node, fn):
    print i, node, "input(s) value(s):", [input[0] for input in fn.inputs],

def inspect_outputs(i, node, fn):
    print "output(s) value(s):", [output[0] for output in fn.outputs]

x = theano.tensor.dscalar('x')
f = theano.function([x], [5 * x],
                    mode=theano.compile.MonitorMode(
                        pre_func=inspect_inputs,
                        post_func=inspect_outputs))
f(3)

 

mode = 'DEBUG_MODE' 很慢，无效？

使用print

x = theano.tensor.dvector('x')

x_printed = theano.printing.Print('this is a very important value')(x)

f = theano.function([x], x * 5)
f_with_print = theano.function([x], x_printed * 5)

#this runs the graph without any printing
assert numpy.all( f([1, 2, 3]) == [5, 10, 15])

#this runs the graph with the message, and value printed
assert numpy.all( f_with_print([1, 2, 3]) == [5, 10, 15])