frozenset() 定义一个不能添加修改的集合
>>> s = frozenset() >>> s.add("aaa") Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'frozenset' object has no attribute 'add'
hash() 返回对象的哈希值
>>> a = "abcde" >>> hash(a) -1767484571
max() 最大值
>>> max(11,22,33)
33
min() 最小值
>>> min(11,22,33)
11
pow() 幂运算
>>> import math >>> math.pow(2,3) 8.0
reversed() 反转
>>> a = reversed('abcdef') >>> for i in a: ... print(i) ... f e d c b a
round() 四舍五入
>>> round(3.3) 3 >>> round(3.5) 4
sorted() 排序,还可按照key排序,反转排序
>>> sorted('akfihgke') ['a', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'k', 'k'] >>> L = [('b',2),('a',1),('c',3),('d',4)] >>> sorted(L, key=lambda x:x[1]) [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)] >>> print(sorted([5,4,6,3,1], reverse=True)) [6, 5, 4, 3, 1] >>> print(sorted([5,4,6,3,1], reverse=False)) [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]
zip()
>>> x = [1,2,3] >>> y = [4,5,6] >>> zipped = zip(x,y) >>> list(zipped) [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
文件操作
read() 按字符来读文件
tell() 返回当前指针位置,按字节来算
seek() 设置指针位置
truncate() 获取指针前面的,并删掉后面的,然后保存文件