在Oracle 12c中,分CDB 和PDB,他们的启动和关闭操作整理如下。
1 Container Database (CDB)
对于CDB,启动和关闭与之前传统的方式一样,具体语法如下:
STARTUP[NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]
SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE | ABORT]
要注意,在12c数据库创建完成后,默认情况下使用sqlplus / as sysdba 登录连接的是CDB。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
[oracle @Ora12c ~]$
sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus:Release
12.1 . 0.1 . 0
Production on Thu Apr 24
17 : 50 : 34
2014 Copyright(c)
1982 ,
2013 ,
Oracle. All rightsreserved. Connectedto: OracleDatabase
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1 . 0.1 . 0
- 64bit Production Withthe
Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL>show
con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT SQL> SQL>select
con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE ----------
------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4088301206
F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE |
我们现在连接的是CDB,即root container。
我们关闭CDB:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
SQL>shutdown
immediate Databaseclosed. Databasedismounted. ORACLEinstance
shut down. |
我们关闭CDB之前PDB 是没有关闭的,所以这个操作也会把PDB 关闭掉。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
SQL>startup ORACLEinstance
started. TotalSystem
Global Area 1269366784
bytes FixedSize
2287912
bytes VariableSize
788530904
bytes DatabaseBuffers
469762048
bytes RedoBuffers
8785920
bytes Databasemounted. Databaseopened. SQL>
select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE ----------
------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED |
注意这里的PDB,在CDB 启动之,PDB 是自动启动到mount状态,而不是OPEN。 所以我们还需要手工去open它,当然,也可以通过在CDB中配置触发器来自动open。
2 Pluggable Database (PDB)
PDB 的操作可以通过SQL*PLUS 来操作,也可以通过ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令操作。
2.1 使用SQL*Plus 命令
因为默认连接的是CDB,所以必须先指定PDB才可以通过sqlplus来启动和关闭PDB,
具体语法和普通实例一样:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
|
STARTUPFORCE; STARTUPOPEN
READ WRITE [RESTRICT]; STARTUPOPEN
READ ONLY [RESTRICT]; STARTUPUPGRADE; SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE]; SQL>show
con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT SQL>selectcon_id,
dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE --------------------
-------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 2
4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED 注意这里是mount,表示PDB
是关闭的。 --指定PDB
数据库: SQL>alter
session set container=pdbcndba; Sessionaltered. SQL>startup PluggableDatabase
opened. SQL>select
con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE --------------------
-------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE SQL> |
启动成功。 当我们切换到PDB之后,就看不到seed PDB的信息了。
2.2 使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令
如果在PDB中可以使用如下语法:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED]; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE]; |
如果是在CDB中,可以使用如下语法:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED][FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED]; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE]; |
<pdd-name-clause>表示的是多个PDB,如果有多个,用逗号分开。 也可以使用ALL或者ALL EXCEPT关键字来替代。
ALL:表示所有的PDBS。
ALLEXCEPT 表示需要排除的PDBS。
如:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSE IMMEDIATE; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE ALL OPEN; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 OPEN; ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE; |
示例:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
|
SQL>alter
session set container=CDB$ROOT; Sessionaltered. SQL>select
con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE --------------------
-------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 2
4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE SQL>ALTER
PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE ; Pluggabledatabase
altered. SQL>select
con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE --------------------
-------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 2
4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA MOUNTED SQL>alter
session set container=pdbcndba; Sessionaltered. SQL>ALTER
PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN; Pluggabledatabase
altered. SQL>
select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE --------------------
-------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 3
426143573
F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA READ WRITE |
3 设置Pluggable Database (PDB) 的自动startup
默认情况下,在CDB 启动的时候,all 的PDB 都是mount状态,也没有默认的机制,在CDB启动时自动启动PDB。
但这里可以通过触发器来实现PDB的自动open:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
CREATEOR
REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs AFTER
STARTUP ON DATABASE BEGIN EXECUTE
IMMEDIATE 'ALTERPLUGGABLE
DATABASE ALL OPEN' ; END
open_pdbs; / |
示例:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
SQL>show
con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDBCNDBA SQL>alter
session set container=CDB$ROOT; Sessionaltered. SQL>CREATE
OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs 2
AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE 3
BEGIN 4
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER
PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN' ; 5
ENDopen_pdbs; 6
/ Triggercreated. |