区块链入门到实战（37）之Solidity – 循环语句

与其他语言类似，Solidity语言支持循环结构，Solidity提供以下循环语句。

• while
• do ... while
• for
• 循环控制语句：break、continue。

Solidity – while循环

语法

Solidity 中， while循环的语法如下：

while (表达式) {
   被执行语句(如果表示为真)
}

示例

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract SolidityTest {
   uint storedData; 
   constructor() public{
      storedData = 10;   
   }
   function getResult() public view returns(string memory){
      uint a = 10; 
      uint b = 2;
      uint result = a + b;
      return integerToString(result); 
   }
   function integerToString(uint _i) internal pure 
      returns (string memory) {

      if (_i == 0) {
         return "0";
      }
      uint j = _i;
      uint len;

      while (j != 0) {
         len++;
         j /= 10;
      }
      bytes memory bstr = new bytes(len);
      uint k = len - 1;

      while (_i != 0) { // while 循环
         bstr[k--] = byte(uint8(48 + _i % 10));
         _i /= 10;
      }
      return string(bstr);
   }
}

Solidity – do…while循环

语法

Solidity 中， do…while循环的语法如下：

do {
   被执行语句(如果表示为真)
} while (表达式);

注意: 不要漏掉do后面的分号。

示例

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract SolidityTest {
   uint storedData; 
   constructor() public{
      storedData = 10;   
   }
   function getResult() public view returns(string memory){
      uint a = 10; 
      uint b = 2;
      uint result = a + b;
      return integerToString(result); 
   }
   function integerToString(uint _i) internal pure 
      returns (string memory) {

      if (_i == 0) {
         return "0";
      }
      uint j = _i;
      uint len;

      while (j != 0) {
         len++;
         j /= 10;
      }
      bytes memory bstr = new bytes(len);
      uint k = len - 1;

      do {                   // do while 循环 
         bstr[k--] = byte(uint8(48 + _i % 10));
         _i /= 10;
      }
      while (_i != 0);
      return string(bstr);
   }
}

Solidity – for循环

语法

Solidity 中， for循环的语法如下：

for (初始化; 测试条件; 迭代语句) {
   被执行语句(如果表示为真)
}

示例

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract SolidityTest {
   uint storedData; 
   constructor() public{
      storedData = 10;   
   }

   function getResult() public view returns(string memory){
      uint a = 10; 
      uint b = 2;
      uint result = a + b;
      return integerToString(result); 
   }

   function integerToString(uint _i) internal pure 
      returns (string memory) {
      if (_i == 0) {
         return "0";
      }
      uint j=0;
      uint len;
      for (j = _i; j != 0; j /= 10) {  //for循环的例子
         len++;         
      }
      bytes memory bstr = new bytes(len);
      uint k = len - 1;
      while (_i != 0) {
         bstr[k--] = byte(uint8(48 + _i % 10));
         _i /= 10;
      }
      return string(bstr);//访问局部变量
   }
}

Solidity – break与contin

• continue – 跳出本次循环，继续执行接下来的循环
• break – 跳出循环(或跳出代码块)

break 示例

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract SolidityTest {
   uint storedData; 
   constructor() public{
      storedData = 10;   
   }
   function getResult() public view returns(string memory){
      uint a = 1; 
      uint b = 2;
      uint result = a + b;
      return integerToString(result); 
   }
   function integerToString(uint _i) internal pure 
      returns (string memory) {

      if (_i == 0) {
         return "0";
      }
      uint j = _i;
      uint len;

      while (true) {
         len++;
         j /= 10;
         if(j==0){
            break;   // break 语句跳出循环
         }
      }
      bytes memory bstr = new bytes(len);
      uint k = len - 1;

      while (_i != 0) {
         bstr[k--] = byte(uint8(48 + _i % 10));
         _i /= 10;
      }
      return string(bstr);
   }
}

输出

0: string: 3

continue 示例

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract SolidityTest {
   uint storedData; 
   constructor() public{
      storedData = 10;   
   }
   function getResult() public view returns(string memory){
      uint n = 1;
      uint sum = 0;

      while( n < 10){
         n++;
         if(n == 5){
            continue; // 当n的和是5时，跳过n。
         }
         sum = sum + n;
      }
      return integerToString(sum); 
   }
   function integerToString(uint _i) internal pure 
      returns (string memory) {

      if (_i == 0) {
         return "0";
      }
      uint j = _i;
      uint len;

      while (true) {
         len++;
         j /= 10;
         if(j==0){
            break;   // break跳出循环
         }
      }
      bytes memory bstr = new bytes(len);
      uint k = len - 1;

      while (_i != 0) {
         bstr[k--] = byte(uint8(48 + _i % 10));
         _i /= 10;
      }
      return string(bstr);
   }
}

输出

0: string: 49

参考区块链入门到实战（31）之Solidity – 第一个程序运行