day07 drf常用api
1.发布
1.1 小程序
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选图片
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填内容
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提交
{ cover:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png", content:"小程序开发太简单了", address:"北京市", topic:1, images:[ "https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png", "https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png" ] }{ cover:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png", content:"小程序开发太简单了", address:"北京市", topic:1, images:[ { path:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png", cos_key:"08a9daei1578736867828.pn" }, { path:"https://mini-1251317460.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/08a9daei1578736867828.png", cos_key:"08a9daei1578736867828.pn" }, ] }
1.2 API
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView
from rest_framework import serializers
from apps.api import models
class NewsDetailModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
key = serializers.CharField()
cos_path = serializers.CharField()
class NewsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
images = NewsDetailModelSerializer(many=True)
class Meta:
model = models.News
fields = "__all__"
class NewsView(CreateAPIView):
""" 创建动态的API """
serializer_class = NewsModelSerializer
class News(models.Model):
"""
动态
"""
cover = models.CharField(verbose_name='封面', max_length=128)
content = models.CharField(verbose_name='内容', max_length=255)
topic = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='话题', to='Topic', null=True, blank=True)
address = models.CharField(verbose_name='位置', max_length=128, null=True, blank=True)
user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='发布者', to='UserInfo', related_name='news')
favor_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name='赞数', default=0)
viewer_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name='浏览数', default=0)
comment_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name='评论数', default=0)
create_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
class NewsDetail(models.Model):
"""
动态详细
"""
key = models.CharField(verbose_name='腾讯对象存储中的文件名', max_length=128, help_text="用于以后在腾讯对象存储中删除")
cos_path = models.CharField(verbose_name='腾讯对象存储中图片路径', max_length=128)
news = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='动态', to='News')
1.3 规则
{
k1:v1,
k2:v2,
k3:{...},
k4:[
{....}
]
}
2.restful api回顾
2.1 APIView （ 可以 ）
from rest_framework.response import Response
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = "__all__"
class UserView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = UserModelSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ser = UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(**ser.validated_data)
ser.save(user_id=1)
return Response(ser.data)
return Response(ser.errors)
2.2 ListAPIView
ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView
class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.News
fields = "__all__"
class NewTestView(CreateAPIView,ListAPIView):
serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
queryset = models.News.objects.filter(id__gt=4)
pagination_class = OldBoyLimitPagination # 分页
filter_backends = [MinFilterBackend, MaxFilterBackend] #过滤条件
2.2.0.0 RetrieveAPIView (处理单条记录)
class NewsDetailModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
images = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
create_date = serializers.DateTimeField(format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") # 时间格式化
user = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
topic = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
viewer = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
comment = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = models.News
exclude = ['cover',]
def get_images(self,obj):
detail_queryset = models.NewsDetail.objects.filter(news=obj)
# return [row.cos_path for row in detail_queryset]
# return [{'id':row.id,'path':row.cos_path} for row in detail_queryset]
return [model_to_dict(row,['id','cos_path']) for row in detail_queryset]
def get_user(self, obj):
return model_to_dict(obj.user, fields=['id', 'nickname', 'avatar'])
def get_topic(self, obj):
if not obj.topic:
return
return model_to_dict(obj.topic, fields=['id', 'title'])
def get_viewer(self,obj):
return 1
def get_comment(self,obj):
return 1
class NewsDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
"""
获取单条数据---RetrieveAPIView
"""
queryset = models.News.objects
serializer_class = NewsDetailModelSerializer
2.2.1 用户传递某些值
创建用户时，自己在后台生成一个UID。
class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.News
fields = "__all__"
class NewTestView(CreateAPIView,ListAPIView):
serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
queryset = models.News.objects.filter(id__gt=4)
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(uid=str(uuid.uuid4()))
2.2.2 fields和exclude的区别？
通过fields和exclude定制页面展示数据。
需求：只显示用户表的id,name,age的数据，其他不显示。
class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.News
# fields = ["id","name",'age']
# fields = "__all__"
exclude = ['gender']
class NewTestView(ListAPIView):
serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
queryset = models.User.objects.all()
[
{id:1,name:'xxx',age:18},
{id:1,name:'xxx',age:11},
{id:1,name:'xxx',age:99},
]
需求：数据库有5个字段，显示7个字段。
class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
xx = serializers.CharField(source='id')
x1 = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = models.News
# fields = "__all__"
# fields = ['id','name','age','gender','phone','xx','x1']
exclude = ['id','name']
def get_x1(self,obj):
return obj.id
class NewTestView(ListAPIView):
serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
queryset = models.User.objects.all()
[
{id:1,name:'xxx',age:18... xx:1,x1:1},
{id:2,name:'xxx',age:11... xx:2,x1:2},
{id:3,name:'xxx',age:99, xx:3,x1:3},
]
2.2.3 read_only
添加时不要，查看时候需要。
需求：编写两个接口 添加（3字段）、获取列表（5个字段）
class NewTestModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# phone = serializers.CharField(source='phone',read_only=True)
# email = serializers.CharField(source='email',read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.News
fields = "__all__"
read_only_fields = ['phone','email',]
class NewTestView(CreateAPIView, ListAPIView):
serializer_class = NewTestModelSerializer
queryset = models.User.objects.all()
添加：
{
name:'xx',
age:'19',
gender:1
}
获取：
[
{name:'xx',age:'xx',gender:'',phone:'xx',email:xxx}
]
2.3.4 复杂需求
添加时用一个serializers、列表时用一个serializers
class NewTestModelSerializer1(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.News
fields = "__all__"
class NewTestModelSerializer2(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.News
fields = "__all__"
class NewTestView(CreateAPIView, ListAPIView):
queryset = models.User.objects.all()
def get_serializer_class(self):
if self.request.method == 'POST':
return NewTestModelSerializer1
if self.request.method == 'GET':
return NewTestModelSerializer2
2.3.5 serializers嵌套
class CreateNewsTopicModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
key = serializers.CharField()
cos_path = serializers.CharField()
class CreateNewsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
imageList = CreateNewsTopicModelSerializer(many=True)
class Meta:
model = models.News
exclude = ['user', 'viewer_count', 'comment_count',"favor_count"]
def create(self, validated_data):
# 把imageList切走
image_list = validated_data.pop('imageList')
# 创建New表中的数据
news_object = models.News.objects.create(**validated_data)
data_list = models.NewsDetail.objects.bulk_create(
[models.NewsDetail(**info, news=news_object) for info in image_list]
)
news_object.imageList = data_list
if news_object.topic:
news_object.topic.count += 1
news_object.save()
return news_object
class NewsView(CreateAPIView):
"""
发布动态
"""
serializer_class = CreateNewsModelSerializer
def perform_create(self, serializer):
# 只能保存：News表中的数据（）
# 调用serializer对象的save（先调用create）
new_object = serializer.save(user_id=1)
return new_object