Hashtable
一,哈希表(Hashtable)简述
在.NET work中,Hashtable是System.Collections命名空间提供的一个容器,用于处理和表现类似key/的键值对,其中key通常可用来快速查找,同时key是区分大小写;用于存储对应于key的值。Hashtable中key/键值对均为object类型,所以Hashtable可以支持任何类型的key/键值对.
二,哈希表的简单操作
在哈希表中添加一个key/键值对:HashtableObject.Add(key,);
在哈希表中去除某个key/键值对:HashtableObject.Remove(key);
从哈希表中移除所有元素: HashtableObject.Clear();
判断哈希表是否包含特定键key: HashtableObject.Contains(key);
下面控制台程序将包含以上所有操作:
using System;
using System.Collections; //使用Hashtable时,必须引入这个命名空间
class hashtable
{
public static void Main()
{
Hashtable ht=new Hashtable(); //创建一个Hashtable实例
ht.Add("E","e");//添加key/键值对
ht.Add("A","a");
ht.Add("C","c");
ht.Add("B","b");
string s=(string)ht["A"]; //直接根据键获取值
if(ht.Contains("E")) //判断哈希表是否包含特定键,其返回值为true或false
Console.WriteLine("the E key:exist");
ht.Remove("C");//移除一个key/键值对
Console.WriteLine(ht["A"]);//此处输出a
ht.Clear();//移除所有元素
Console.WriteLine(ht["A"]); //此处将不会有任何输出
}
}
三,遍历哈希表
遍历哈希表需要用到DictionaryEntry Object,代码如下:
for(DictionaryEntry de in ht) //ht为一个Hashtable实例
{
Console.WriteLine(de.Key); //de.Key对应于key/键值对key
Console.WriteLine(de.); //de.Key对应于key/键值对
}
四,对哈希表进行排序
对哈希表进行排序在这里的定义是对key/键值对中的key按一定规则重新排列,但是实际上这个定义是不能实现的,因为我们无法直接在Hashtable进行对key进行重新排列,如果需要Hashtable提供某种规则的输出,可以采用一种变通的做法:
ArrayList akeys=new ArrayList(ht.Keys); //别忘了导入System.Collections
// 这样可以提高查询速度
akeys.Sort(); //按字母顺序进行排序
for(string skey in akeys)
{
Console.Write(skey ":");
Console.WriteLine(ht[skey]);//排序后输出
}
五 在哈希表存取类等其它对象
// 类对象
public class Person
{
private string FirstName;
private string LastName;
public Person(string first, string last)
{
FirstName = first;
LastName = last;
}
public string FullName
{
get
{
return FirstName + " " + LastName;
}
}
}
// 存取过程
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Person scott = new Person("Scott", "Hanselman");
Person bill = new Person("Bill", "Evjen");
Person srini = new Person("Srinivasa", "Sivakumar");
Hashtable peopleHashtable = new Hashtable();
peopleHashtable.Add("sh", scott);
peopleHashtable.Add("be", bill);
peopleHashtable.Add("ss", srini);
Person found = (Person)peopleHashtable["sh"];
Response.Write(found.FullName + "<BR/>");
found = (Person)peopleHashtable["be"];
Response.Write(found.FullName + "<BR/>");
found = (Person)peopleHashtable["sh"];
Response.Write(found.FullName + "<BR/>");
////write method 1:
//foreach (DictionaryEntry de in peopleHashtable)
//{
// Response.Write(de.Key.ToString() + ":" + ((Person)de.Value).FullName +
// "<BR/>");
//}
////write method 2:
//foreach (string s in peopleHashtable.Keys)
//{
// Response.Write(s + "<BR/>");
//}
//foreach (Person p in peopleHashtable.Values)
//{
// Response.Write(p.FullName + "<BR/>");
//}
}
六 在hashtable中如何根据value读出key
Hashtable t = new Hashtable();
foreach( DictionaryEntry i in t )
{
if( i.Value == "value1" ) return i.Key ;
}
个人感觉
Dictionary好像也是可以的,看的资料说是。hashtable是比dcitionary更先进点的,对我这样的菜鸟来说,功能好像都差不多的哦。
Program that uses foreach on Dictionary: C# using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class Program { static void Main() { // Example Dictionary again Dictionary<string, int> d = new Dictionary<string, int>() { {"cat", 2}, {"dog", 1}, {"llama", 0}, {"iguana", -1} }; // Loop over pairs with foreach foreach (KeyValuePair<string, int> pair in d) { Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value); } // Use var keyword to enumerate dictionary foreach (var pair in d) { Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value); } } } Output cat, 2 dog, 1 llama, 0 iguana, -1 cat, 2 dog, 1 llama, 0 iguana, -1
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/hunterxray/article/details/1546415