最近测试中用到postman，使用后就简单总结下常用的断言，下面带图的自己最常用的，其他的没怎么用。
postman断言是JavaScript语言编写的，在postman客户端指定区域编写即可。
断言会在请求返回之后，运行，并根据断言的passfail情况体现在最终测试结果中。
1.设置环境变量--Setting an environment variable
postman.setEnvironmentVariable("key", "value");
2.设置全局变量--Set a global variable
postman.setGlobalVariable("key", "value");
3.检查响应中**string--Check if response body contains a string
tests["Body matches string"] = responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search");
4.转化XML格式的响应成JSON对象---Convert XML body to a JSON object
var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody);
5.检查响应body中等于指定string--Check if response body is equal to a string
tests["Body is correct"] = responseBody === "response_body_string";
6.检查JSON某字段值--Check for a JSON value
var data = JSON.parse(responseBody);
tests["Your test name"] = data.value === 100;
7.检查Content-Type是否**在header返回（大小写不敏感）--Content-Type is present (Case-insensitive checking)
tests["Content-Type is present"] = postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"); //Note: the getResponseHeader() method returns the header value, if it exists.
8.检查Content-Type是否**在header返回（大小写敏感）--Content-Type is present (Case-sensitive)
tests["Content-Type is present"] = responseHeaders.hasOwnProperty("Content-Type");
9.检查请求耗时时间小于200ms--Response time is less than 200ms
tests["Response time is less than 200ms"] = responseTime < 200;
10.检查Status code为200--Status code is 200
tests["Status code is 200"] = responseCode.code === 200;
11.检查Code name**指定string--Code name contains a string
tests["Status code name has string"] = responseCode.name.has("Created");
12.检查成功post的请求status code--Succesful POST request status code
tests["Successful POST request"] = responseCode.code === 201 || responseCode.code === 202;
13.为JSON data使用微小验证器--Use TinyValidator for JSON data
var schema = {
"items": {
"type": "boolean"
}
};
var data1 = [true, false];
var data2 = [true, 123];
console.log(tv4.error);
tests["Valid Data1"] = tv4.validate(data1, schema);
tests["Valid Data2"] = tv4.validate(data2, schema);
Sample data files
JSON files are composed of key/value pairs
在此记录一些常用方法备忘（当遇到需要判断返回值为A或B的时候，使用“||”符号）：
1.设置环境变量
pm.environment.set("variable_key", "variable_value");
2.将一个嵌套的对象设置为一个环境变量
var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
pm.environment.set("array", JSON.stringify(array, null, 2));
var obj = { a: [1, 2, 3, 4], b: { c: 'val' } };
pm.environment.set("obj", JSON.stringify(obj))
3.获得一个环境变量
pm.environment.get("variable_key");
4.获得一个环境变量(其值是一个字符串化的对象)
// These statements should be wrapped in a try-catch block if the data is coming from an unknown source.
var array = JSON.parse(pm.environment.get("array"));
var obj = JSON.parse(pm.environment.get("obj"));
5.清除一个环境变量
pm.environment.unset("variable_key");
6.设置一个全局变量
pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");
7.获取一个全局变量
pm.globals.get("variable_key");
8.清除一个全局变量
pm.globals.unset("variable_key");
9.获取一个变量(该函数在全局变量和活动环境中搜索变量)
pm.variables.get("variable_key");
10.检查响应主体是否包含字符串
pm.test("Body matches string", function () {
pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include("string_you_want_to_search");
});
11.检查响应体是否等于字符串
pm.test("Body is correct", function () {
pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string");
});
12.检查JSON值
pm.test("Your test name", function () {
var jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.value).to.eql(100);
});
13.Content-Type 存在
pm.test("Content-Type is present", function () {
pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type");
});
14.返回时间少于200ms
pm.test("Response time is less than 200ms", function () {
pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(200);
});
15.状态码是200
pm.test("Status code is 200", function () {
pm.response.to.have.status(200);
});
16.代码名包含一个字符串
pm.test("Status code name has string", function () {
pm.response.to.have.status("Created");
});
17.成功的POST请求状态码
pm.test("Successful POST request", function () {
pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([201,202]);
});
18.为JSON数据使用TinyValidator
var schema = {
"items": {
"type": "boolean"
}
};
var data1 = [true, false];
var data2 = [true, 123];
pm.test('Schema is valid', function() {
pm.expect(tv4.validate(data1, schema)).to.be.true;
pm.expect(tv4.validate(data2, schema)).to.be.true;
});
19.解码base64编码数据
var intermediate,
base64Content, // assume this has a base64 encoded value
rawContent = base64Content.slice('data:application/octet-stream;base64,'.length);
intermediate = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(base64content); // CryptoJS is an inbuilt object, documented here: https://www.npmjs.com/package/crypto-js
pm.test('Contents are valid', function() {
pm.expect(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.stringify(intermediate)).to.be.true; // a check for non-emptiness
});
20.发送异步请求
此函数可作为预请求和测试脚本使用
pm.sendRequest("https://postman-echo.com/get", function (err, response) {
console.log(response.json());
});
21.将XML主体转换为JSON对象
var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody);
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. 清除一个全局变量
Clear a global variable
对应脚本：
postman.clearGlobalVariable("variable_key");
参数：需要清除的变量的key
2.清除一个环境变量
Clear an environment variable
对应脚本：
postman.clearEnvironmentVariable("variable_key");
参数：需要清除的环境变量的key
3.response包含内容
Response body:Contains string
对应脚本：
tests["Body matches string"] =responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search");
参数：预期内容
4.将xml格式的response转换成son格式
Response body:Convert XML body to a JSON Object
对应脚本：
var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody);
参数：（默认不需要设置参数,为接口的response）需要转换的xml
5.response等于预期内容
Response body:Is equal to a string
对应脚本：
tests["Body is correct"] = responseBody === "response_body_string";
参数：预期response
6.json解析key的值进行校验
Response body:JSON value check
对应脚本：
tests["Args key contains argument passed as url parameter"] = 'test' in responseJSON.args
参数：test替换被测的值，args替换被测的key
7.检查response的header信息是否有被测字段
Response headers:Content-Type header check
对应脚本：
tests["Content-Type is present"] = postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type");
参数：预期header
8.响应时间判断
Response time is less than 200ms
对应脚本：
tests["Response time is less than 200ms"] = responseTime < 200;
参数：响应时间
9.设置全局变量
Set an global variable
对应脚本：
postman.setGlobalVariable("variable_key", "variable_value");
参数：全局变量的键值
10.设置环境变量
Set an environment variable
对应脚本：
postman.setEnvironmentVariable("variable_key", "variable_value");
参数：环境变量的键值
11.判断状态码
Status code:Code is 200
对应脚本：
tests["Status code is 200"] = responseCode.code != 400;
参数：状态码
12.检查code name 是否包含内容
Status code:Code name has string
对应脚本：
tests["Status code name has string"] = responseCode.name.has("Created");
参数：预期code name包含字符串
13.成功的post请求
Status code:Successful POST request
对应脚本：
tests["Successful POST request"] = responseCode.code === 201 || responseCode.code === 202;
14.微小验证器
Use Tiny Validator for JSON data
对应脚本：
var schema = {
"items": {
"type": "boolean"
}
};
var data1 = [true, false];
var data2 = [true, 123];
console.log(tv4.error);
tests["Valid Data1"] = tv4.validate(data1, schema);
tests["Valid Data2"] = tv4.validate(data2, schema);
参数：可以修改items里面的键值对来对应验证json的参数