使用PowerMockito和Mockito进行模拟测试,包括静态方法测试,私有方法测试等,以及方法执行的坑或者模拟不成功解决

一 普通spring项目

依赖:这个很重要,不同版本用法也有点区别:

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
			<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.2-beta</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
			<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.4</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
			<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.0</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
			<artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.4</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

　　接下来就是mock测试了,使用完全模拟测试过程,对于需要测试接口中调用的静态,私有方法等,返回自己想要的预期结果,达到测试效果:

这里有几个要点:

测试过程中完全手动mock,不会真实调用或者产生数据

一  mock对象

order = mock(Order.class);
user = mock(User.class);

二 属性注入

将service等类中需要的其他service或者mapper等mock出来,然后分别使用工具类注入,名称保持一致即可

        roomTypeService = mock(RoomTypeServiceImpl.class);
        ticketComponetService = mock(TicketComponetServiceImpl.class);
        hotelMapper = mock(HotelMapper.class);
        //注入属性
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderService, "hotelGroupMapper", hotelGroupMapper);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderService, "dsUtils", dsUtils);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderService, "orderMapper", orderMapper);

三 静态方法mock

模拟静态方法返回结果需要使用PowerMockit,测试类上必须加注解@PrepareForTest

        //account 获取stub
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(Account.class);
        Mockito.when(Account.get(anyString(), anyString(), anyString(), anyInt())).thenReturn(account);

四 私有方法

私有方法首先需要在类上加入注解,对于要测试的类中的public方法同样有效,比如测试方法中包含一个public方法,可以同样模拟:

    @PrepareForTest(ConsumptionServiceImpl.class)  //里面写需要模拟私有方法的类class
    然后对象不能mock,必须new一个,并且需要用spy处理:
    orderService = PowerMockito.spy(new OrderServiceImpl());

接着使用doreturn  .when这种形式模式,不能使用先when后return这种,会报错
注意一点,模拟参数要么全部模拟,要么全部自定义,不能混搭
这里有个大坑,如果出现私有方法还是进去执行的情况,很大可能是参数不对,比如你mock的参数是 anyString(),那么你真是测试时候传递的必须是一个String实例,不能是null,否则mock就会失败,我这里之前一直是对象的一个属性,直接new了一个对象传递
所以一直不成功:
比如 方法需要的是user.getId() ,而且你mock的是一个anyInt(),那么真正传递的时候必须给这个user,setId(9527),否则就无法达成预期的模拟效果,所有方法都一样!!

       try {
　　　　　　　　// 方法名,方法参数,必须全部对应,否则报错方法找不到
            PowerMockito.doReturn(1).when(orderService, "dateListMinBook",anyString(),anyString(),any(RoomType.class),anyString(),anyString());
            PowerMockito.doReturn(ResponseMessage.success().pushData("dateRoomTypeList",new ArrayList<DateRoomType>())).when(orderService, "eachDateNumAndPrice",any(Order.class),any(RoomType.class),anyBoolean(),anyInt(),anyString(),any(User.class));
            PowerMockito.doReturn("2000").when(orderService, "getKeeptimeByWxcidAndHotelidAndLevel",anyString(),anyString(),anyString());
            PowerMockito.doNothing().when(orderService, "getPayWay",any(),any(),any(),any(),any());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

五 预期结果

verify :判断方法执行了几次: 确定测试是否通过

例如:verify(userService, times(1)).queryUser(any(anyInt(),anyString(),anyString()); 

二 springboot项目使用

1 依赖

        <!-- S-junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2-beta</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-beta.5</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-beta.5</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-RC.4</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
            <version>2.15.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
            <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- E-junit -->

2 创建测试基类

/**
 * 测试基类,所有子测试类继承此类即可
 */
@PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class)
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "javax.security.*"}) //忽略一些mock异常
@SpringBootTest
public class TestBase {
}

3 创建特定的测试类

public class HotelControllerTest extends TestBase { //继承基类即可

    @Mock
    private HotelService hotelService;

    private Integer id;

//  加载springContext进行mock测试,真实调用方法,不需要mock步骤
//     @Autowired
//     private HotelController hotelController;

//    纯mock测试,不加载springContext,执行mock操作,必须mock步骤,不会真实调用
    @InjectMocks
    private HotelController hotelController=new HotelController();

    // 应用到所有门店测试
    @Test
    public void detailTest(){
        System.out.println("test start.....");
        // 1 构造参数
        ininParams(1);
        // 2 mock步骤
        mockStep();
        // 3 执行操作
        ResponseMessage result = hotelController.detail(id);
        System.out.println(new Gson().toJson(result));
        assertEquals(0, (int) result.getCode());
    }

    private void mockStep() {
        when(hotelService.detail(anyInt())).thenReturn(ResponseMessage.success());
    }

    private void ininParams(Integer type) {
        switch(type){
            case 1:
                id=17317;
                break;
            case 2:
                id=2;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

4 模拟私有方法和静态方法

@PrepareForTest(OrderServiceImpl.class)  // 需要调用私有或者静态方法的类
public class OrderControllerTest extends TestBase {

    private OrderServiceImpl orderServiceImpl; //需要调用私有或者静态方法时,不能使用@Mock,还需要@before初始化属性

    @Mock
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;
    @Mock
    private RestTemplateUtil restTemplateUtil;
    private Integer orderId;
    private String wxcid;

    @Before
    public void init(){
        //处理私有方法模拟实例
        orderServiceImpl = PowerMockito.spy(new OrderServiceImpl()); //使用spy模拟的需要手动注入属性,因为什么都没有
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderController, "iOrderService", orderServiceImpl);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderServiceImpl, "orderMapper", orderMapper);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderServiceImpl, "restTemplateUtil", restTemplateUtil);
    }

    //纯mock测试,不加载springContext,执行mock操作,必须mock步骤,不会真实调用
    @InjectMocks
    private OrderController orderController=new OrderController();

    @Test
    public void cancelTest(){
        System.out.println("test start.....");
        // 1 构造参数
        ininParams();
        // 2 mock步骤
        mockStep();
        // 3 执行操作
        ResponseMessage cancel = orderController.cancel(wxcid, orderId);
        assertEquals(0,(int)cancel.getCode());
    }

    private void mockStep() {
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setStatus(2);
        when(orderMapper.getOrderByOrderId(anyInt())).thenReturn(order);
        when(orderMapper.updateStatus(anyInt(),anyInt())).thenReturn(2);
        JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
        jsonObject.addProperty("code",0);
        when(restTemplateUtil.postToCri(anyString(),anyString(),any())).thenReturn(jsonObject);
        //处理私有方法,必须用这种写法
        try {
            PowerMockito.doNothing().when(orderServiceImpl, "returnTicketTouser", anyString(),any());
            PowerMockito.doReturn(ErrorCode.SUCCESS).when(orderServiceImpl, "refoundAndGetCode", any(),any(),any(),any());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void ininParams() {
        wxcid="57af462dff475fe4644de32f08406aa8";
        orderId=25864;
    }
}

注意:

如果是分模块项目,springboot项目的启动类只能有一个,即需要把其他service,dao,common模块的启动类的启动注解给注释掉,否则测试启动会报错