系统扩展方式:
scale up,向上扩展:提高主机性能等,质变;
scale out,向外扩展:水平扩展,质不变量变;
集群类型:
LB:Load Balancing 负载均衡集群;
HA:High Availabilty高可用集群;
HP:High Performancing高性能集群;
LB集群的实现:
硬件:F5 BIG-IP,Citrix NetScaler,A10 A10;
软件:lvs(传输层),nginx(应用层),haproxy(应用层),ats (apache traffic server)(应用层);
lvs(Linux Virtual Server):
ipvsadm:让用户定义集群服务写规则,通过系统调用送给内核中的ipvs;
用户请求正常流程:PREROUTING --> INPUT
基于lvs:PREROUTING --> INPUT --> POSTROUTING