在上一篇blog：python开发_tkinter_窗口控件_自己制作的Python IDEL_博主推荐
中介绍了python中的tkinter的一些东西，你可能对tkinter有一定的了解了。这篇blog主要是介绍tkinter的对话框（Pop-up Dialog）
查看tkinter的API的时候，接口资源：
Tkinter 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python
先来看看运行的效果：
这里主要对 python开发_tkinter_窗口控件_自己制作的Python IDEL_博主推荐 进行增加了一个菜单选项：'Test'
1 def help_test1(): 2 ask = askokcancel('askokcancel messagebox','你确定要这样做吗？') 3 if ask: 4 # to do something 5 print('你选择的是：确定') 6 else: 7 # to do something 8 print('你选择的是：取消')
运行效果：
1 def help_test2(): 2 ask = askquestion('askquestion messagebox', '你很喜欢那个女孩吗?') 3 if 'yes' == ask: 4 #to do something 5 print('是的，我很喜欢') 6 elif 'no' == ask: 7 #to do something 8 print('不是这样的，我不喜欢她')
运行效果：
接下来的功能差不多...
1 def help_test8(): 2 '''打开文件''' 3 #('All files', '*') 4 openfilename = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('xml', '*.xml')]) 5 try: 6 with open(openfilename, 'r') as fp: 7 for line in fp: 8 print(line) 9 fp.close() 10 except: 11 print('Could not open File:%s'%openfilename)
运行效果：
1 def help_test10(): 2 '''颜色面板选择器''' 3 color = askcolor(title='颜色面板') 4 print(color)
运行效果：
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代码部分：
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1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 2 #python tkinter menu 3 #python version 3.3.2 4 #EN = Window 7 5 6 7 from tkinter import * 8 from tkinter.messagebox import * 9 from tkinter.filedialog import * 10 from tkinter.colorchooser import * 11 ''' 12 在python 3.3.2中，tkinter模块可以创建一个窗口控件，如Java中的Swing 13 功能描述： 14 根据Python 3.3.2 IDEL的菜单，创建出一个tkinter窗口 15 File-Exit : 退出功能完成 16 Help-About IDEL ： 打印相应信息 17 其他的菜单项，当点击时，会打印出相应菜单项的名称 18 ''' 19 20 __author__ = 'Hongten' 21 MENU_ITEMS = ['File', 'Edit', 'Format', 'Run', 'Options', 'Windows', 'Help', 'Test'] 22 #菜单File中的选项 23 MENU_FILE_ITEMS = ['New Window Ctrl+N ', 24 'Open... Ctrl+O ', 25 'Recent Files ', 26 'Open Module... Alt+M ', 27 'Class Browser Alt+C ', 28 'Path Browser ', 29 'Save Ctrl+S ', 30 'Save As... Ctrl+Shift+S', 31 'Save Copy As... Ctrl+Alt+S ', 32 'Print Window Ctrl+P ', 33 'Close Alt+F4 ', 34 'Exit Ctrl+Q '] 35 #菜单Edit中的选项 36 MENU_EDIT_ITEMS = ['Undo Ctrl+Z ', 37 'Redo Ctrl+Shift+Z ', 38 'Cut Ctrl+X ', 39 'Copy Ctrl+C ', 40 'Paste Ctrl+V ', 41 'Select All Ctrl+A ', 42 'Find... Ctrl+F ', 43 'Find Again Ctrl+G ', 44 'Find Selections Ctrl+F3 ', 45 'Find in Files Alt+F3 ', 46 'Replace... Ctrl+H ', 47 'Go to Line Alt+G ', 48 'Expend Word Alt+/ ', 49 'Show call tip Ctrl+backslash', 50 'Show surerounding parens Ctrl+0 ', 51 'Show Completions Ctrl+space '] 52 #菜单Format中的选项 53 MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS = ['Check Module Alt+X ', 54 'Ident Region Ctrl+] ', 55 'Dedent Region Ctrl+[ ', 56 'Commemt Out Region Alt+3 ', 57 'Uncomment Region Alt+4 ', 58 'Tabify Region Alt+5 ', 59 'Untabify Region Alt+6 ', 60 'Toggle Tabs Alt+T ', 61 'New Ident Width Alt+U ', 62 'Format Paragraph Alt+Q ', 63 'Strip trailing whitespace '] 64 #菜单Run中的选项 65 MENU_RUN_ITEMS = [ 'Python Shell ', 66 'Check Module Alt+X ', 67 'Run Module F5 '] 68 #菜单Options中的选项 69 MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS = ['Config IDEL... ', 70 'Code Context '] 71 #菜单Windows中的选项 72 MENU_WINDOWS_ITEMS = ['Zoom Height Alt+2 '] 73 #菜单Help中的选项 74 MENU_HELP_ITEMS = ['About IDEL ', 75 'IDEL Help ', 76 'Python Docs F1 '] 77 #菜单Test中的选项 78 MENU_TEST_ITEMS = ['about ', 79 'askokcancel messagebox ', 80 'askquestion messagebox ', 81 'askretrycancel messagebox ', 82 'askyesno messagebox ', 83 'showerror messagebox ', 84 'showinfo messagebox ', 85 'showwarning messagebox ', 86 'open file ', 87 'save as file ', 88 'colorchooser '] 89 90 #help-About IDEL 91 ABOUT_MESSAGE = ''' 92 Author : Hongten 93 Author_email : hongtenzone@foxmail.com 94 Blog : http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten 95 QQ : 648719819 96 Created : 2013-09-05 97 Version : 1.0 98 ''' 99 def get_tk(): 100 '''获取一个Tk对象''' 101 return Tk() 102 103 def set_tk_title(tk, title): 104 '''给窗口定义title''' 105 if title is not None and title != '': 106 tk.title(title) 107 else: 108 tk.title('Hongten v1.0') 109 110 def set_tk_geometry(tk, size): 111 '''设置窗口大小，size的格式为：widthxheight,如：size = '200x100'.''' 112 if size is not None and size != '': 113 tk.geometry(size) 114 else: 115 tk.geometry('670x600') 116 117 def get_menu(tk): 118 '''获取一个菜单条''' 119 return Menu(tk) 120 121 def menu_file(menubar): 122 '''定义菜单File''' 123 filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 124 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[0])) 125 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[1])) 126 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[2])) 127 128 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[3], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[3])) 129 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[4], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[4])) 130 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[5], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[5])) 131 filemenu.add_separator() 132 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[6], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[6])) 133 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[7], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[7])) 134 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[8], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[8])) 135 filemenu.add_separator() 136 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[9], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[9])) 137 filemenu.add_separator() 138 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[10], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[10])) 139 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[11], command=root.destroy) 140 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[0], menu=filemenu) 141 142 def menu_edit(menubar): 143 '''定义菜单Edit''' 144 edit_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 145 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[0])) 146 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[1])) 147 edit_menu.add_separator() 148 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[2])) 149 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[3], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[3])) 150 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[4], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[4])) 151 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[5], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[5])) 152 edit_menu.add_separator() 153 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[6], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[6])) 154 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[7], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[7])) 155 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[8], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[8])) 156 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[9], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[9])) 157 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[10], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[10])) 158 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[11], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[11])) 159 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[12], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[12])) 160 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[13], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[13])) 161 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[14], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[14])) 162 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[15], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[15])) 163 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[1], menu=edit_menu) 164 165 def menu_format(menubar): 166 '''定义菜单Format''' 167 format_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 168 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[0])) 169 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[1])) 170 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[2])) 171 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[3], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[3])) 172 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[4], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[4])) 173 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[5], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[5])) 174 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[6], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[6])) 175 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[7], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[7])) 176 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[8], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[8])) 177 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[9], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[9])) 178 format_menu.add_separator() 179 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[10], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[10])) 180 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[2], menu=format_menu) 181 182 def menu_run(menubar): 183 '''定义菜单Run''' 184 run_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 185 run_menu.add_command(label=MENU_RUN_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_RUN_ITEMS[0])) 186 run_menu.add_separator() 187 run_menu.add_command(label=MENU_RUN_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_RUN_ITEMS[1])) 188 run_menu.add_command(label=MENU_RUN_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_RUN_ITEMS[2])) 189 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[3], menu=run_menu) 190 191 def meun_options(menubar): 192 '''定义菜单Options''' 193 options_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 194 options_menu.add_command(label=MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[0])) 195 options_menu.add_separator() 196 options_menu.add_command(label=MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[1])) 197 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[4], menu=options_menu) 198 199 def menu_windows(menubar): 200 '''定义菜单Windows''' 201 windows_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 202 windows_menu.add_command(label=MENU_WINDOWS_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_WINDOWS_ITEMS[0])) 203 windows_menu.add_separator() 204 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[5], menu=windows_menu) 205 206 def meun_help(menubar): 207 '''定义菜单Help''' 208 help_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 209 help_menu.add_command(label=MENU_HELP_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_HELP_ITEMS[0])) 210 help_menu.add_separator() 211 help_menu.add_command(label=MENU_HELP_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_HELP_ITEMS[1])) 212 help_menu.add_command(label=MENU_HELP_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_HELP_ITEMS[2])) 213 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[6], menu=help_menu) 214 215 def meun_test(menubar): 216 '''定义菜单Help''' 217 test_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 218 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[0], command=about) 219 test_menu.add_separator() 220 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[1], command=help_test1) 221 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[2], command=help_test2) 222 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[3], command=help_test3) 223 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[4], command=help_test4) 224 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[5], command=help_test5) 225 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[6], command=help_test6) 226 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[7], command=help_test7) 227 test_menu.add_separator() 228 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[8], command=help_test8) 229 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[9], command=help_test9) 230 test_menu.add_separator() 231 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[10], command=help_test10) 232 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[7], menu=test_menu) 233 234 ############################################################ 235 # Test Menu Items Functions 236 def about(): 237 '''Help-About IDEL function''' 238 label = Label(root, text=ABOUT_MESSAGE, fg='red') 239 label.pack(side='top') 240 241 def help_test1(): 242 ask = askokcancel('askokcancel messagebox','你确定要这样做吗？') 243 if ask: 244 # to do something 245 print('你选择的是：确定') 246 else: 247 # to do something 248 print('你选择的是：取消') 249 250 def help_test2(): 251 ask = askquestion('askquestion messagebox', '你很喜欢那个女孩吗?') 252 if 'yes' == ask: 253 #to do something 254 print('是的，我很喜欢') 255 elif 'no' == ask: 256 #to do something 257 print('不是这样的，我不喜欢她') 258 259 def help_test3(): 260 ask = askretrycancel('askretrycancel messagebox', '该程序被其他程序占用,请重试..') 261 if ask: 262 #to do something 263 print('重试') 264 else: 265 #to do something 266 print('取消重试') 267 268 def help_test4(): 269 ask = askyesno('askyesno messagebox', 'Can you cut down a tree with a herrign?') 270 print(ask) 271 if 'yes' == ask: 272 #to do something 273 print('yes') 274 elif 'no' == ask: 275 #to do something 276 print('no') 277 278 def help_test5(): 279 error = showerror('showerror messagebox', 'ClassNotFoundException...') 280 if 'ok' == error: 281 #to do something 282 print('你选择的是确定...') 283 284 def help_test6(): 285 info = showinfo('showinfo messagebox', 'This is an ex-parrot') 286 if 'ok' == info: 287 #to do something 288 print('ok') 289 290 def help_test7(): 291 warn = showwarning('showwarning messagebox', '内存溢出...') 292 if 'ok' == warn: 293 #to do something 294 print('确认内存溢出...') 295 296 def help_test8(): 297 '''打开文件''' 298 #('All files', '*') 299 openfilename = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('xml', '*.xml')]) 300 try: 301 with open(openfilename, 'r') as fp: 302 for line in fp: 303 print(line) 304 fp.close() 305 except: 306 print('Could not open File:%s'%openfilename) 307 308 def help_test9(): 309 '''打开文件''' 310 saveasfilename = asksaveasfilename() 311 print('saves', saveasfilename.encode('utf-8')) 312 313 def help_test10(): 314 '''颜色面板选择器''' 315 color = askcolor(title='颜色面板') 316 print(color) 317 318 ############################################################ 319 #init menu bar 320 def init_menu_bar(menubar): 321 '''初始化菜单条''' 322 menu_file(menubar) #file 323 menu_edit(menubar) #edit 324 menu_format(menubar) #format 325 menu_run(menubar) #run 326 meun_options(menubar) #options 327 menu_windows(menubar) #windows 328 meun_help(menubar) #help 329 meun_test(menubar) #test 330 331 #获得窗口对象 332 root = get_tk() 333 #设置窗口大小 334 set_tk_geometry(root, '') 335 #设置窗口title 336 set_tk_title(root, 'Python 3.3.2 Shell') 337 #获取菜单对象 338 menubar = get_menu(root) 339 #初始化菜单 340 init_menu_bar(menubar) 341 #加载菜单配置 342 root.config(menu=menubar) 343 344 mainloop()