什么是虚拟
不是真实的就是虚拟
怎么表示虚拟
把谓语动词变态即可
虚拟常用于
1. If 条件句
口诀： 从句往前推，主句四加一，将来同现在（If从句往前推一个时态，主句四个任选一个，假设将来的事，使用和假设现在一样的时态即可）（有if的就是从句）
| If 从句 | 主句 | ||
| 假设过去 | had done |
would have done could have done should have done might have done |
He was not a student, so he couldn't attend the lecture. If he had been a student, he could have attended the lecture. He didn't tell her the answer, She didn't understand it. If he had told her the answer, she would have understood it. |
| 假设现在 | did(were) |
would do could do should do might do |
I am not you, so I can't make the decision. If I were you, I could make the decision. I am not a bird, so I can't fly to you right away. If I were a bird, I could fly to you right away. |
| 假设将来 |
did(were) were to do should to do |
would do could do should do might do |
If I had time tomorrow, I would help him. If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my wife. |
I am not you, so I can't make the decision.
If I were you, I could make the decision.
I am not a bird, so I can't fly to you right away.
If I were a bird, I could fly to you right away.
I don't know his phone number, so I won't ring him up.
If I knew his phone number, I would ring him up.
He isn't free at the moment, so he won't go to the cinema.
If he were free at the moment, he would go to the cinema.
- How should the city be run?
- If I were a mayor, I would make the streets cleaner and hire more policemen.
- If I could rearrange the alphabet, I would put U and I together.
省略if的虚拟条件句，要倒装
If you had joined us, we would have had more fun.
Had you joined us, we would have had more fun.
If I were you, I would think it twice.
Were I you, I would think it twice.
Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
含蓄的虚拟条件句
With better strategy, they would have won the battle.（如果有）
If they had had better strategy, they would have won the battle.
Without/But for your help, we wouldn't have succeeded.(如果没有）
If we hadn't had your help, we wouldn't have succeeded.
But for the English examination, I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
2. 名词性从句
wish后的宾语从句 虚拟
Our classroom doesn't have any windows. I wish our classroom had windows.
The sun isn't shining. I wish the sun were shining right now.
I didn't go shopping. I wish I had gone shopping.
I don't know how to dance. I wish I knew how to dance.
You didn't tell them about it. I wish you had told them about it.
It's cold today. I'm not wearing a coat. I wish I wore a coat.
表示'建议，要求，命令' 动词后宾语从句 虚拟
1. 建议，要求，命令了，事情不一定成真。
2. 从句中用 (should) + do. e.g，
suggest, advise, propose, recommend
order, ask, demand, insist,
require, request
The engineers proposed they look at the design again.
The engineers proposed they should look at the design again.
He insisted that she (should) send her sister to a dancing school.
He ordered they (should) start the attack before dawn.
The workers demanded they (should) be given the wages they should get.(工人们要求，他们应该被给他们应该获得的工资。工资和工人是被动）
The professor recommended we (should) look for the information in the library.
I suggest that you should work harder.
My suggestion is that you should work harder.
That you should work harder is my suggestion.
Here is my suggestion that you should work harder.
3. 情态动词表虚拟
should + do - 表示现在应该做 （真实）
should + have done - 过去本应该做，但实际没有（虚拟）
shouldn't + have done - 过去本来不应该做， 但实际做了 - 多此一举的感觉（虚拟）
情态动词表虚拟有：
should, could, would, might, need + have done.
You should have submitted your homework on time.
I should have told you.